Cancer-induced morphological changes in enteric glial cells in the jejunum of Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats.

Cancer-induced cachexia is associated with systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal dysfunction. How changes to cells of the enteric nervous system contribute to gut dysfunction in tumor development and cancer cachexia is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that changes to enteric glia, a type of peripheral glia that surround enteric neurons and regulate gut homeostasis, are associated with tumor development and that supplementing with the antioxidant L-glutathione is protective against the changes induced. Immunohistochemistry for neurons, enteric glial cells and immune cells was performed in whole-mount preparations and frozen histological sections of the jejunum from 20 Wistar rats, distributed in 4 groups: control, tumor of Walker-256, control administered with 1 % L-glutathione, and tumor of Walker-256 administered with 1 % L-glutathione. Morphoquantitative analyses were made using Image-Pro® Plus 4.5 and ImageJ® 1.43° software. Tumor development significantly reduced neuronal and glial cell populations in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses and enlarged glial cell body area in the submucosal plexus. In contrast, tumors increased glia in the jejunal mucosa and this effect was accompanied by B-lymphocyte recruitment. GSH-supplemented diet was not sufficient to protect against changes to neurons and glia in the submucosal plexus but was partially protective in the myenteric plexus. L-glutathione had no effect on physiological parameters of cachexia but was sufficient to preserve enteric glial cell density in the myenteric plexus. These results suggest that changes to both enteric neurons and glia likely contribute to the gastrointestinal effects of tumor development and that oxidative stress contributes to these effects in the enteric nervous system.

Antiviral activity of myricetin glycosylated compounds isolated from Marcetia taxifolia against chikungunya virus.

The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has produced epidemic outbreaks of significant public health impact. The clinical symptoms of this disease are fever, polyarthralgia, and skin rash, generally self-limiting, although patients may develop a chronic disabling condition or suffer lethal complications. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment or vaccine available. Thus, the search for effective therapies to control CHIKV infection is an urgent need. This study evaluated the antiviral activity of flavonoids isolated from Marcetia taxifolia by in vitro and in silico analysis. Cytotoxicity of compounds was determined by MTT assay and viral load was assessed in cell substrates supernatants by plaque-forming and RT-qPCR assays. Selected molecules were analyzed by molecular docking assays. Myricetin 3-rhamnoside (MR) and myricetin 3-(6-rhamnosylgalactoside) (MRG) were tested for antiviral assays and analyzed by the TCID50 method and RT-qPCR. MR exhibited dose-dependent antiviral activity, reducing viral titer at concentrations of 150-18.8 µg/mL by at least 1-log. Similarly, MRG showed a significant decrease in viral titer at concentrations of 37.5, 9.4, and 2.3 µg/mL. RT-qPCR analysis also displayed a substantial reduction of CHIKV RNA for both flavonoids. Furthermore, molecular docking of the selected flavonoids proposed the nsP3 macrodomain as a possible target of action. Our study reveals that MR and MRG could be considered promising anti-CHIKV therapeutic agents. Molecular modeling studies showed MR and MRG ligands with a high affinity for the N-terminal region of the nsP3 macrodomain, postulating them as a potential target of action for the CHIKV control.

Incidencia de los trastornos hipertensivos en el embarazo, y características clínico-demográficas en gestantes en tres instituciones en Bogotá, D. C., Colombia / Incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and clinical-demographic characteristics in pregnant women in three institutions in Bogotá, D. C., Colombia / Incidência de transtornos hipertensivos na gravidez e características clínico-demográficas em gestantes de três instituições em Bogotá, D. C., Colômbia

Objetivo: describir la incidencia de trastornos hipertensivos de las gestantes en 3 instituciones en Bogotá durante el periodo 2014-2016. Método: estudio observacional prospectivo, realizado entre 2014 y 2016 en 3 centros hospitalarios de la ciudad de Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. Fueron incluidas 252 gestantes, a quienes se les hizo seguimiento ecográfico trimestral, toma de variables clínicas y demográficas e indagación de resultados materno- perinatales en el momento del parto. Los datos fueron analizados a través del cálculo de medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las variables cuantitativas, frecuencias y porcentajes para las variables cualitativas. Resultados: se encontró una incidencia de trastornos hipertensivos del 11,8 % en las gestantes incluidas en el estudio; de estos, el 62,1 % fueron preeclampsia, y el 37,9 %, hipertensión gestacional. La preeclampsia se presentó en el 7,4 % del total de la población estudiada; de dichas pacientes, el 50 % presentó preeclampsia severa. La incidencia de preeclampsia temprana fue del 17,2 %. Conclusión: la incidencia de los trastornos hipertensivos en gestantes en la población estudiada es mayor que en países desarrollados, y similar a lo descrito en la población colombiana

Objective: To describe the incidence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy in three health institutions in Bogotá-Colombia during 2014-2016. Methods: This observational and prospective study were done in three institutions from 2014 to 2016 in Bogotá (Colombia). 252 patients were included. Fetal and maternal ultrasonography evaluations were done in each trimester of pregnancy, multiples demographic and clinical factors were evaluated, and maternal and perinatal outcomes were done at the delivery time. The data were analyzed using measures of central tendency and dispersion for the quantitative variables, and frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables. Results: The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 11.8 %, of these, pre-eclampsia was 62.1 % and 37.9 % of gestational hypertension. In relation to preeclampsia group, 7.4 % was presented when it was compared with the total of the study population, and form this 50 % of pregnant women were severe preeclampsia. The incidence of early pre-eclampsia was 17.2 %. Conclusion: The incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy at the study population is higher than the prevalence reported in developed countries and similar than reported in Colombia

Objetivo: Descrever a incidência de hipertensivos de deficiências orgânicas do criando em três instituições em Bogotá durante o período 2014 -2016. Método: Eu estudo de observação prospectivo, levou a cabo entre 2014 e 2016 entre três hospital centra da cidade de Bogotá - a Colômbia. 252 eram criando incluídos a quem foi levado trimestralmente fora ecográfico de perseguição, enquanto levando de variáveis clínicas e demográficas e investigação perinatal materna de resultados no momento do parto. Os dados foram analisados pelo cálculo de medidas de tendência central e dispersão para as variáveis quantitativas, freqüências e porcentagens para as variáveis qualitativas. Resultados: Ele/ela era uma incidência de hipertensivos de deficiências orgânicas de 11,8% no criando incluído no estudo, destes, 62,1% preeclampsia e 37,9% gestacional de hipertensão. O preeclampsia mostraram para cima dentro um 7.4% do total da população instruída, destes pacientes, 50% apresentaram preeclampsia severo. A incidência de preeclampsia cedo era de 17,2%. Conclusão: A incidência do hipertensivos de deficiências orgânicas criando na população instruída é maior que em países desenvolvidos e semelhante a isso descrito na população colombiana

At-risk children of at-risk parents: assessing common injuries to the children of teenage parents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the common injuries in the children of teenage parents seen in the emergency department (ED) of a large level I trauma center. STUDY DESIGN: We used admission records for guarantor age to assess common injuries. RESULTS: The majority of the patients were white, in the care of the mother, and suffered accidental injuries, with bruising and skin marks the most common. Although children born to teenage parents are at an increased risk for child abuse, the rate of abuse in this study sample remained low. Falls and ingested objects were the leading mechanisms of injury in these patients, who were generally evaluated and discharged from the ED. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the common injuries and mechanisms to better understand how injuries are sustained in this unique population. The results of this study can be used for educational purposes both in the ED and in classroom-based parenting classes. Prevention efforts for teenage parents should be geared toward teaching better supervision and improving home safety.

Hallazgos en la tomografía de coherencia óptica macular y de electrofisiología en un paciente con síndrome de Kearns-Sayre y anemia de Fanconi / Findings in macular optical coherence tomography and electrophysiology in a patient with Kearns-Sayre syndrome and Fanconi anemia

Introducción. El síndrome de Kearns-Sayre, descrito por primera vez en 1958, es un raro trastorno del ADN mitocondrial, con incidencia desconocida y progresión lenta que afecta al sistema nervioso central, los músculos y los órganos endocrinos. Entre las características clínicas típicas se encuentran: distrofia atípica pigmentaria de la retina, oftalmoplejia externa progresiva y bloqueo cardíaco. Presentación de caso. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 10 años de edad, atendida en nuestro Departamento de Retina, con diagnóstico de síndrome de Kearns-Sayre mediante resonancia magnética (RM). Se describen los hallazgos de la tomografía de coherencia óptica macular y de las pruebas de electrofisiología, hallazgos tomográficos no descritos anteriormente en la literatura científica. Conclusión. La tomografía de coherencia óptica macular reveló atenuación de la línea de hiperreflexión que corresponde a la membrana limitante externa, con pérdida de la línea de hiperreflexión que corresponde a la zona elipsoide. La tomografía de coherencia óptica macular es una herramienta útil para evaluar la extensión del daño en la retina externa, el cual fue confirmado por pruebas de electrofisiología.

Introduction. The Kearns-Sayre syndrome, first described in 1958, is a rare disorder in the mitochondrial DNA with unknown incidence and slow progression that affects the central nervous system, muscles and endocrine organs. Typical clinical features are: atypical pigmentary dystrophy of the retina, progressive external ophthalmoplegia and heart block. Case report. We report the case of a 10 years old girl attended at our retinal department, diagnosed with Kearns-Sayre syndrome by MRI. We describe the electrophysiological test and macular optical coherence tomography findings which have not been previously described in the literature. Conclusion. The macular optical coherence tomography revealed attenuation of the hyperreflectivity line corresponding to the external limiting membrane, with loss of the hyperreflectivity line corresponding to the ellipsoid zone. The macular optical coherence tomography is a helpful tool to assess the extent of the damage to the outer retina which is confirmed by electrophysiological tests.