Bioactive Biosilicate Cements in Pediatric Dentistry - A Review of the Latest Materials.

Pediatric dentistry plays a critical role in ensuring the oral health and well-being of children and adolescents. The quest for effective dental materials that are safe, biocompatible, and capable of promoting natural remineralization has led to the emergence of biosilicate cements as a promising advancement in this field. Biosilicate cements are bioactive materials composed of amorphous silica, calcium oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, and other trace elements. The bioactivity of biosilicate cements allows them to interact with living tissues, promoting remineralization and stimulating the formation of hydroxyapatite, a vital component of teeth and bones. Their ability to release essential ions, such as calcium, phosphate, and fluoride, supports the natural healing processes, aiding in the preservation of pulp vitality and reducing the risk of secondary caries. Biosilicate cements offer versatility in pediatric dentistry, finding application indirect pulp capping, indirect pulp capping, and small-sized restorations. Their rapid setting time proves advantageous when treating young patients with limited cooperation. Furthermore, the continuous release of fluoride contributes to caries prevention and enhances the long-term oral health of children. While the advantages of biosilicate cements in pediatric dentistry are promising, this manuscript also discusses the limitations and challenges associated with their use. Some biosilicate cements may have different handling characteristics compared to traditional materials, necessitating adaptations in clinical techniques. In addition, long-term clinical data on the performance of these materials in pediatric patients are still limited, requiring further research to establish their efficacy and longevity. This manuscript explores the potential of biosilicate cements in pediatric dentistry.

Role of artificial intelligence in behavior management of pediatric dental patients-a mini review.

The influence of behavioral science on various organizations has been experiencing remarkable growth worldwide. With the integration of recent technological advancements, behavioral science's impact has expanded into diverse fields such as finance and policy. The term "artificial intelligence" (AI) has become increasingly prevalent, but it is essential to provide clarity before proceeding. AI pertains to the theory and creation of systems capable of executing tasks that typically necessitate human intelligence. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in pediatric dentistry has emerged as a promising avenue to enhance patient care, improve diagnostic accuracy, streamline treatment planning, and augment patient engagement. AI-driven tools such as image analysis, natural language processing, and machine learning algorithms assist in early caries detection, orthodontic treatment planning, behavior management, and personalized oral hygiene education for pediatric patients. This paper presents an overview of AI's applications in pediatric dentistry, particularly behavior management, highlighting its potential to revolutionize traditional pediatric dental practices.

The Use of Fiber-optic Transillumination in the Diagnosis of Fracture Line in Teeth: A Method of Standardization in Fracture Strength Studies.

The use of fiber optic transillumination (FOTI) has been witnessed in the clinical scenario for many decades but has not been used in in vitro studies. The present paper highlights the use of FOTI as a method of standardization while conducting fracture strength studies in vitro. How to cite this article: Chanchala HP, Godhi BS, Saha S. The Use of Fiber-optic Transillumination in the Diagnosis of Fracture Line in Teeth: A Method of Standardization in Fracture Strength Studies. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(4):475-477.

Lead and trace element levels in milk and blood of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Hyderabad, India.

The presence of lead (Pb) in milk and its interaction with trace elements is a serious health concern. Present study is aimed at determining Pb and trace element (Fe, Zn and Mg) levels in milk and blood/serum samples of lactating buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) living in a market-area (Group-A) and a dairy-experimental station (Group-B), Hyderabad, India. In addition, kidney and liver function tests were assessed. Fodder, milk and blood Pb levels were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in Group-B. Elevated Pb levels correlated positively with reduced Fe and Zn levels in both serum and milk. A significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation between blood Pb and milk Pb levels was observed. Kidney and liver function markers were significantly higher in Group-B buffaloes. The results suggest that contaminated fodder might be one of the responsible factors for elevated Pb levels. In addition, lower levels of Fe and Zn might have led to bioaccumulation of Pb in blood and milk.

Clinical consequences of untreated dental caries evaluated using PUFA index in orphanage children from India.

BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence and severity of oral condition related to untreated dental caries with PUFA index and to relate period of institutional stay, oral hygiene practice and diet of orphan children to caries experience ratio. MATERIALS & METHODS: A cross sectional survey conducted among 488 children of 12-14 years living in 5 different orphanages of Mysore district, India. Data regarding oral hygiene practices and oral health status (PUFA, DMFT, OH I-S and GI) were collected through structured questionnaire and by type III clinical oral examinations. The collected data were processed statistically. RESULTS: The PUFA ratio indicates 21% of decayed component had progressed to pulp involvement and abscess formation. The overall prevalence of PUFA was 37.7%. 31.1% children showed one or more pulpally involved tooth in their oral cavity. Correlation between periods for being the child in the institute to DMFT showed negative value indicting decrease in DMFT as the duration of stay in orphanage increases. CONCLUSION: The result show oral health condition in orphan children was neglected. Children from this disadvantaged background have shown a high prevalence of dental caries with low dental care utilization. PUFA index is an effective index in evaluating clinical consequences of un-treated caries. How to cite this article: Shanbhog R, Godhi BS, Nandlal B, Kumar SS, Raju V, Rashmi S. Clinical consequences of untreated dental caries evaluated using PUFA index in orphanage children from India. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(5):1-9.

Evidence of angiogenic vessels in Alzheimer's disease.

Alterations in the blood brain barrier and brain vasculature may be involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. We sought to determine if vascular remodeling characterized by angiogenic vessels or increased vascular density, occurred in pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD) postmortem human brain tissues. We examined brains of deceased, older catholic clergy from the Religious Order Study, a longitudinal clinical-pathological study of aging and AD. The hippocampus, midfrontal cortex, substantia nigra, globus pallidus and locus ceruleus were examined for integrin alphavbeta3 immunoreactivity, a marker of angiogenesis, and vascular densities. Activated microglia cell counts were also performed. All areas except the globus pallidus exhibited elevated alphavbeta3 immunoreactivity in AD cases compared with controls. Only in the hippocampus did the ongoing angiogenesis result in increased vascular density compared with controls. Vascular density was correlated with Abeta load in the hippocampus and alphavbeta3 reactivity was correlated with neurofibrillary tangles in the midfrontal cortex and in the substantia nigra. These data indicate that ongoing angiogenesis is present in brain regions affected by AD pathology and may be related to tissue injury.

N-{1-[(3-Bromo-prop-yl)amino-carbon-yl]eth-yl}-2-(2-nitro-benzene-sulfonamido)propionamide.

In the title compound, C(15)H(21)BrN(4)O(6)S, all three NH groups are involved in inter-molecular N-H⋯O inter-actions which, together with two inter-molecular C-H⋯O contacts, lead to a continuous anti-parallel ß-sheet structure. There are no π-π inter-actions between mol-ecules, and two C-H⋯π inter-actions primarily govern the linkage between sheets.

Blood-brain barrier pathology in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: implications for drug therapy.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a tightly regulated barrier in the central nervous system. Though the BBB is thought to be intact during neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), recent evidence argues otherwise. Dysfunction of the BBB may be involved in disease progression, eliciting of peripheral immune response, and, most importantly, altered drug efficacy. In this review, we will give a brief overview of the BBB, its components, and their functions. We will critically evaluate the current literature in AD and PD BBB pathology resulting from insult, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Specifically, we will discuss alterations in tight junction, transport and endothelial cell surface proteins, and vascular density changes, all of which result in altered permeability. Finally, we will discuss the implications of BBB dysfunction in current and future therapeutics. Developing a better appreciation of BBB dysfunction in AD and PD may not only provide novel strategies in treatment, but will prove an interesting milestone in understanding neurodegenerative disease etiology and progression.

A resident's experience in cross cultural/community psychiatry.

This report examines a psychiatric resident's consultation experience in a community psychiatry rotation serving South Asian women victims of intimate partner violence. It explores experiences related to negotiating and developing a partnership between culturally specific domestic violence services and community mental health services. It also discusses the resident's progression from consultant to administrator and ultimately to the rotation's termination.

Influence of physico-chemical properties on the abundance of a few economically important juvenile fin-fishes of Vellar estuary.

Studies on the economically important juvenile fin-fishes such as Elops machnata, Chanos chanos, Lates calcarifer, Epinephelus sp., Sillago sihama, Etroplus suratensis, Mugil cephalus, Liza parsia and Liza tade with relation to the hydrographical parameters as rainfall, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH of Vellar estuary during September 2001 to August 2002. The simple correlation co-efficient showed positive significance against juvenile density with water temperature and dissolved oxygen. The influence of hydrographical parameters to the fin-fishes and its abundance is discussed.