Vanishing vasculitis: a case of acute necrotic skin findings without pathologic features of vasculitis from adulterated cocaine.

While the usage of illicit drugs in itself carries significant health risks and associated toxicities, drugs that are adulterated to give them volume, alter their psychogenic properties, and make them cheaper to produce are to be considered even more dangerous. Cocaine is one of them, and it is now most commonly being adulterated with levamisole. We report a case of a 37-year-old female with the chief complaint of painful skin lesions and wounds on both of her upper and lower extremities for three weeks duration. She was tested positive for cocaine and had classical purpuric, ecchymotic, and necrotic patches on both ears, which are pathognomonic. She also had multiple wounds in extremities. The cocaine-levamisole related syndrome comprises a set of immunological abnormalities, out of which, ANCA positivity is the most important one. Our patient was ANCA positive. Regarding pathological findings in cocaine adulterated with levamisole syndrome, this can range from the classic finding of leukocytoclastic vasculitis of small vessels to occlusive vascular disease without true vasculitis. Our case's biopsy showed no vasculitis, and this is why it is important to highlight that cocaine can also cause a pseudo-vasculitic picture. The other possibility that we entertained was that of pyoderma gangrenosum as the skin finding in levamisole-contaminated cocaine, and the lesion was consistent in appearance. Recently, there have been a few case reports of pyoderma gangrenosum from adulterated cocaine with levamisole, where skin findings were consistent with pyoderma gangrenosum; however, serological findings rather favored levamisole vasculopathy or vasculitis. Therefore, we should familiarize ourselves with the multitude of pathological and skin findings that adulterated cocaine can cause and, finally, make ourselves aware that the classical pathological finding of vasculitis in such cases is not always seen.

An atypical presentation of a re-emerging disease.

Often referred to as 'The Great Mimicker', syphilis infections have been on the rise since 2000 including cases of primary and secondary syphilis where 19,999 were reported in the USA in 2014. ​​The increase in cases has led the USPSTF to recommend screening for syphilis infection in persons who are at increased risk of infection. ​​Changes in screening and re-emergence of the disease necessitates review of the multitude of circumstances a patient can present for care. Immunocompetent patients begin to show classic symptoms within 10-90 days following infection with the spirochete. In the immunocompromised patient, the presenting symptoms are often atypical and more complex. With the rise in HIV infections, syphilitic infections have become increasingly common worldwide and several atypical presentations have been observed. ​​The following case is an atypical presentation of syphilis involving both central and peripheral nervous system findings in a patient without significant medical history.

A case of asymptomatic pancytopenia with clinical features of hemolysis as a presentation of pernicious anemia.

Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease with a variety of clinical presentations. We describe a case of pernicious anemia presenting with pancytopenia with hemolytic features. Further workup revealed very low vitamin B12 levels and elevated methylmalonic acid. It is important for a general internist to identify pernicious anemia as one of the cause of pancytopenia and hemolytic anemia to avoid extensive workup. Pernicious anemia can present strictly with hematological abnormalities without neurological problems or vice versa as in our case.

Catastrophic chest pain: blinded by cardiopulmonary disease.

A 53-year-old man with a history of diabetic foot ulcer, osteomyelitis, coronary artery disease, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, presented with chest pain of 3 weeks duration. Eleven days earlier, the patient had had a drug-eluting stent (DES) placed in a branch of the right coronary artery (RCA) after similar chest pain, leading to the findings of a positive nuclear stress test. Since discharge, he was not compliant with taking clopidegrel (Plavix), a concern for in-stent thrombosis with recurrent myocardial ischaemia; but work up was negative and medications were restarted. Within 24 h of admission, he developed bilateral flaccid leg weakness, urine retention and loss of sensation from the umbilicus level down. MRI revealed a T4-T6 epidural abscess. Emergent decompression laminectomy and abscess drainage was completed. Neurological symptoms improved hours after surgery with complete resolution of sensory deficits. Cultures grew Streptococcus sp., treated with intravenous nafcillin for 8 weeks. He regained leg strength with continued improvement seen in rehabilitation.