Direct observation of terahertz surface modes in nanometer-sized liquid water pools.

The far-infrared absorption spectrum of nanometer-sized water pools at the core of AOT micelles exhibits a pronounced resonance which is absent in bulk water. The amplitude and spectral position of this resonance are sensitive to the size of the confined water core. This resonance results from size-dependent modifications in the vibrational density of states, and thus has far-reaching implications for chemical processes which involve water sequestered within small cavities. These data represent the first study of the terahertz dielectric properties of confined liquids.

[Biceps syndrome in cervical osteochondrosis]. / Sindrom dvuglavnoi myshtsy plecha pri sheinom osteokhondroze.

On the basis of three cases the author describes in detail the clinical picture of a rare reflex neurodystrophic syndrome of cervical osteochondrosis which may be attended by spontaneous ruptures of the tendon of the biceps long head. To denote this phenomenon, the term "the biceps syndrome" is proposed. In relation to the status of the tendon of the biceps long head, the location and type of the rupture (complete, incomplete, acute, intermediate, latent) the biceps syndrome may either supplement the clinical picture of humeroscapular periartrosis or present a separate clinical variant of the latter. The possibility of a ruptured tendon of the biceps long head should always be taken into account in the clinical assessment of the symptoms of humeroscapular periartrosis in patients with cervical osteochondrosis.

[Periarteritis of the carotid siphon (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, painful ophthalmoplegia)]. / Periarterit karotdinogo sifona (sindrom Toloza--Khanta, bolevaia oftal'moplegiia).

A detailed clinical analysis of 5 cases of Tolos-Hunt's syndrome is presented, and the most characteristic diagnostic signs and the peculiarities of the clinical syndrome formation are described. These signs and peculiarities are: regular presence (from the very beginning) of the symptoms of involvement of the carotid artery sympathetic plexus and absence of any other symptoms on the part of the brain stem, the hemispheres, and the meninges. Since this syndrome can be simulated by a number of other organic diseases and primarily, by an infraclinoid aneurysm, the use of carotid angiography is obligatory in all cases. No connection between the disease onset and any local or systemic inflammatory process was discovered. The positive effect from the application of corticosteroids should not be regarded as a diagnostic criterion. Instead of the names "Tolos-Hunt's syndrome" and "pain ophthalmoplegia" the terms "Tolos-Hunt's" periarteritis of the carotid siphon" or "Tolos-Hunt's disease" are suggested.