Protein Intake, Adherence to Vitamin-Mineral Supplementation, and Dumping Syndrome in Patients Undergoing One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass.

INTRODUCTION: One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is an effective bariatric procedure. However, nutritional deficiencies or dumping syndrome (DS) may occur. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to nutritional recommendations and development of DS in a 3-year OAGB patient follow-up. METHODS: For 150 OAGB patients, in our center, data were collected through the electronic platform and by an individual telephone interview. The inclusion criterion is OAGB as a primary bariatric procedure, no revisional surgery, or no pregnancy. The adequacy of daily protein intake cutoff was defined as 60 g. Adherence to micronutrient supplementation protocol was considered if a minimum of 5 takes/week were reported. To evaluate the occurrence of DS, the Sigstad score questionnaire was used. For statistical analysis, a significance level less than 5% (p < 0.05) was considered. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients (80% females), BMI 44.3 ± 21.3 kg/m2, were subjected to the OAGB procedure. Of those, 128 fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. After 3 years, the mean %EBMIL was 78.4 ± 14.4. During the 3-year follow-up, the average protein intake was 60 g/day, and 48% reported an adequate daily protein intake. Adherence to the micronutrient supplementation protocol was reported by 70%. According to the Sigstad score questionnaire, DS was present in 24% of patients. CONCLUSION: A significant part of OAGB patients does not comply with the nutrition prescription assessed, emphasizing the need to improve team/patient communication strategies. Long-term studies are needed to characterize and assess the health impact of protein, vitamin, and mineral malnutrition in patients undergoing OAGB.

Preoperative metabolic status is associated with different evolution of resting energy expenditure after liver transplant in adults.

INTRODUCTION: The resting energy expenditure (REE) evolution after liver transplantation is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To assess longitudinally the REE evolution in adults undergoing liver transplantation, in association with other nutritional measurements that characterize the metabolic profile. METHODS: A single-center cohort of consecutive end-stage liver disease patients with indication for liver transplantation was recruited. REE, subjective global assessment (SGA), handgrip strength and body composition measurements were assessed before transplantation (T0) and at median nine (T1) and 36 (T2) days after transplantation. Mixed effects regression models were used for analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients with a mean age of 53.7 (8.5) years were included; 87.5% were males. In T0, 41% of patients were normometabolic, 37.5% were hypometabolic and 21.4% were hypermetabolic. After transplantation, the mean REE decreased progressively in patients initially hypermetabolic and the opposite occurred in those initially hypometabolic. The REE evolution was positively associated with body weight (ß = 9.6, p < 0.001) and energy intake (ß= 13.6, p = 0.005) in the whole sample; it was positively associated with body weight (ß= 7.1, p = 0.018) and percentage of energy intake from lipids (ß= 18.9, p = 0.003) in initially hypometabolic patients, and positively associated with body weight (ß= 14.1, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with SGA-undernourishment (ß = -171, p = 0.007) in initially normometabolic patients. CONCLUSION: Different REE evolutions after liver transplantation are associated with the preoperative metabolic status. In patients initially hypometabolic, the REE evolution is positively associated with body weight and percentage of energy intake from lipids, and in those initially normometabolic, it is positively associated with body weight and negatively associated with SGA-undernourishment.

Preoperative metabolic status is associated with different evolution of resting energy expenditure after liver transplant in adults / Influencia del estado metabólico preoperatorio sobre los cambios en el gasto energético en reposo después del trasplante hepático en adultos

Introduction: The resting energy expenditure (REE) evolution after liver transplantation is not fully understood. Objective: To assess longitudinally the REE evolution in adults undergoing liver transplantation, in association with other nutritional measurements that characterize the metabolic profile. Methods: A single-center cohort of consecutive end-stage liver disease patients with indication for liver transplantation was recruited. REE, subjective global assessment (SGA), handgrip strength and body composition measurements were assessed before transplantation (T0) and at median nine (T1) and 36 (T2) days after transplantation. Mixed effects regression models were used for analysis. Results: Fifty-six patients with a mean age of 53.7 (8.5) years were included; 87.5% were males. In T0, 41% of patients were normometabolic, 37.5% were hypometabolic and 21.4% were hypermetabolic. After transplantation, the mean REE decreased progressively in patients initially hypermetabolic and the opposite occurred in those initially hypometabolic. The REE evolution was positively associated with body weight (β = 9.6, p < 0.001) and energy intake (β = 13.6, p = 0.005) in the whole sample; it was positively associated with body weight (β = 7.1, p = 0.018) and percentage of energy intake from lipids (β = 18.9, p = 0.003) in initially hypometabolic patients, and positively associated with body weight (β = 14.1, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with SGA-undernourishment (β = -171, p = 0.007) in initially normometabolic patients. Conclusion: Different REE evolutions after liver transplantation are associated with the preoperative metabolic status. In patients initially hypometabolic, the REE evolution is positively associated with body weight and percentage of energy intake from lipids, and in those initially normometabolic, it is positively associated with body weight and negatively associated with SGA-undernourishment (AU)

Introducción: el gasto energético en reposo (GER) después del trasplante hepático no está totalmente esclarecido. Objetivo: evaluar longitudinalmente la evolución del GER y de otros parámetros nutricionales que caracterizan el perfil metabólico en adultos que recibieron un trasplante hepático. Métodos: cohorte consecutiva de pacientes con enfermedad hepática terminal con indicación para trasplante, reclutada en un centro. Las siguientes variables fueron medidas antes del trasplante (T0) y en las medianas de nueve (T1) y 36 (T2) días de postoperatorio: GER, valoración global subjetiva (VGS), dinamometría manual y composición corporal. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión de efectos mixtos. Resultados: se incluyeron 56 pacientes con una edad media de 53,7 (8,5) años; el 87,5% de ellos eran varones. En T0, el 41% de los pacientes eran normometabólicos; el 37,5%, hipometabólicos, y el 21%, hipermetabólicos. Después del trasplante, el GER disminuyó progresivamente en los pacientes inicialmente hipermetabólicos y lo contrario ocurrió en los inicialmente hipometabólicos. La evolución del GER se asoció positivamente con el peso (β = 9,6, p < 0,001) y la ingesta energética (β = 13,6, p = 0,005) en toda la muestra. Asimismo, se asoció positivamente con el peso (β = 7,1, p = 0,018) y el porcentaje de ingesta energética de grasas (β = 18,9, p = 0,003) en los inicialmente hipometabólicos, mientras que en los inicialmente normometabólicos se relacionó positivamente con el peso (β = 14,1, p < 0,001) y negativamente con la subnutrición por VGS (β = -171, p = 0,007). Conclusión: la evolución del GER después del trasplante hepático se asocia con el estado metabólico preoperatorio, de forma positiva con el peso y el porcentaje de ingesta energética de grasas en los inicialmente hipometabólicos, mientras que en los pacientes inicialmente normometabólicos se relaciona positivamente con el peso y negativamente con la subnutrición valorada por VGS (AU)

Factors Associated With Changes in Body Composition Shortly After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: The Potential Influence of Immunosuppressive Agents.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine factors associated with body composition changes shortly after liver transplantation (LTx), including the influence of immunosuppressive agents. The combined resting energy expenditure (REE) and handgrip strength provided a valuable assessment in data interpretation of body composition. METHODS: This observational single-center study included a cohort of consecutive end-stage liver disease patients with indications for LTx over 2 years. Cyclosporine was preferred for diabetic, hepatitis C-infected, and human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients per the transplant center protocol. Subjective Global Assessment, handgrip strength, multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, and REE measurements were collected. The assessments were performed before LTx (T0) and at medians of 9 (T1) and 36 (T2) days after LTx. The fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) were surrogates of adiposity and skeletal muscle, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was used. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients with a mean age of 53.7 (8.5) years were included; 87.5% were men. Preoperative Subjective Global Assessment undernourishment (ß-estimate = 17.9; P = 0.004) and of drug addiction absence (ß estimate = 14.6; P = 0.049) were associated with FMI increase. Higher REE at T1 (per 100 kcal) was associated with LMI increase (ß estimate = 1.70; P = 0.012) and body cell mass increase (ß estimate = 1.60; P = 0.049). The cyclosporine-based regimen was associated with FMI decrease (ß estimate = -25.64; P < 0.001) and LMI increase (ß estimate = 23.76; P < 0.001) when compared with a tacrolimus-based regimen. Steroids did not affect body composition. CONCLUSIONS: The cyclosporine-based regimen was independently associated with decreased adiposity and increased skeletal muscle compared with the tacrolimus-based regimen. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.