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1.
Arch Oral Biol ; 48(11): 787-95, 2003 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14550381

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: When a dental elastomer is placed in the oral vestibule and the facial muscles contracted while it sets, the functional cast produced frequently shows a deep anteroposterior groove, and marked posterosuperior and smaller anteroinferior bulges. This study investigates whether these features have a structural or a physiological basis. DESIGN: Casts of the right side of the oral vestibule of dissecting room cadavers and living volunteers were made using a polyvinylsiloxane dental elastomer. The volunteers each produced two functional casts in each of the following situations: while the teeth were clenched but the facial muscles inactive, while grimacing, and while swallowing. RESULTS: Grooves and bulges were largely absent in casts from the dissecting room cadavers and of living volunteers with the teeth clenched but the facial muscles inactive. They were present when the elastomer set while the subjects grimaced but most marked when they had been swallowing their saliva. The depth of the grooves varied between individuals and generally was greatest alongside the second molar teeth. We found that the posterosuperior bulge did not coincide with the position of the parotid duct. CONCLUSIONS: The anteroposterior groove represents a well developed horizontal part of buccinator. The regions of the casts bulging superior and inferior to the groove probably represent weaker regions of buccinator towards its maxillary and mandibular attachments. The bulge superior to the groove was not explained by a weakness in buccinator where it is pierced by the parotid duct.


Assuntos
Músculos da Mastigação/anatomia & histologia , Boca/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Cadáver , Deglutição/fisiologia , Técnica de Fundição Odontológica , Materiais para Moldagem Odontológica , Expressão Facial , Músculos Faciais/fisiologia , Feminino , Gengiva/anatomia & histologia , Gengiva/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Mastigação/fisiologia , Músculos da Mastigação/fisiologia , Boca/fisiologia , Elastômeros de Silicone
2.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol ; 284(3): H859-66, 2003 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12578815

RESUMO

We tested the hypothesis that myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced apoptosis is attenuated in transgenic mice overexpressing cardiac A(1) adenosine receptors. Isolated hearts from transgenic (TG, n = 19) and wild-type (WT, n = 22) mice underwent 30 min of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion, with evaluation of apoptosis, caspase 3 activity, function, and necrosis. I/R-induced apoptosis was attenuated in TG hearts. TG hearts had less I/R-induced apoptotic nuclei (0.88 +/- 0.10% vs. 4.22 +/- 0.24% terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells in WT, P < 0.05), less DNA fragmentation (3.30 +/- 0.38-fold vs. 4.90 +/- 0.39-fold over control in WT, P < 0.05), and less I/R-induced caspase 3 activity (145 +/- 25% over nonischemic control vs. 234 +/- 31% in WT, P < 0.05). TG hearts also had improved recovery of function and less necrosis than WT hearts. In TG hearts pretreated with LY-294002 (3 microM) to evaluate the role of phosphosinositol-3-kinase in acute signaling, there was no change in the functional protection or apoptotic response to I/R. These data suggest that cardioprotection with transgenic overexpression of A(1) adenosine receptors involves attenuation of I/R-induced apoptosis that does not involve acute signaling through phosphoinositol-3-kinase.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Caspases/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Receptores Purinérgicos P1/biossíntese , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/genética , Caspase 3 , Cromonas/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Feminino , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/fisiopatologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/metabolismo , Isquemia Miocárdica/patologia , Reperfusão Miocárdica , Miocárdio/patologia , Necrose , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase , Ratos , Receptores Purinérgicos P1/genética , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/genética , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/genética , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos
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