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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(10)2024 May 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38791233

RESUMO

Lions (Panthera leo) play a crucial ecological role in shaping and maintaining fragile ecosystems within Africa. Conservation efforts should focus on genetic variability within wild populations when considering reintroduction attempts. We studied two groups of lions from two conservation sites located in Zambia and Zimbabwe to determine their genetic make-up, information that is usually unknown to the sites. In this study, we analysed 17 specimens for cytb and seven microsatellite markers to ascertain family relationships and genetic diversity previously obtained by observational studies. We then produced a standardised haplogroup phylogeny using all available entire mitogenomes, as well as calculating a revised molecular clock. The modern lion lineage diverged ~151 kya and was divided into two subspecies, both containing three distinct haplogroups. We confirm that Panthera leo persica is not a subspecies, but rather a haplogroup of the northern P.l. leo that exited Africa at least ~31 kya. The progenitor to all lions existed ~1.2 Mya, possibly in SE Africa, and later exited Africa and split into the two cave lion lineages ~175 kya. Species demography is correlated to major climactic events. We now have a detailed phylogeny of lion evolution and an idea of their conservation status given the threat of climate change.


Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Leões , Filogenia , Animais , Leões/genética , Leões/classificação , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Cavernas , Variação Genética , Haplótipos , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Pradaria , Zimbábue , Evolução Molecular , Zâmbia , Citocromos b/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética
2.
Animals (Basel) ; 13(21)2023 Oct 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37958129

RESUMO

The analysis of population genetic structure and individual multilocus heterozygosity are crucial for wildlife management and conservation. Microsatellite markers have traditionally been used to assess these genetic parameters. However, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are becoming increasingly popular. Our goal here was to determine to what extent SNPs can provide better insights than microsatellites into the overall genetic status and population genetic processes in the species. To this end, we genotyped 210 red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Spanish wild population with both 11 microsatellites and 31,712 SNPs. We compared parameters related to population genetic structure and individual multilocus heterozygosity obtained with both types of markers. Our results showed correlations between parameters measured using both microsatellites and SNPs, particularly those related to the level of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation. However, we found notably lower precision of microsatellites in measuring the distribution of genetic diversity among individuals. We conclude that microsatellites can be used to monitor the overall genetic status and detect broad patterns in red deer populations. Nevertheless, the greater precision of SNPs in inferring genetic structure and multilocus heterozygosity leads us to encourage scientists and wildlife managers to prioritize their use whenever possible.

3.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 16264, 2022 09 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36171416

RESUMO

Sexual selection favors male traits that increase their ability to monopolize the breeding access to several females. Deer antlers are cranial appendages that regenerate annually in males. Throughout life, the phenology of antler growth advances and antler mass increases until the stag reaches, between 8 and 10 years old, maximum body mass and highest reproductive success. The molecular mechanisms of antler development are of great interest in both evolutionary and regenerative medicine studies. To minimize errors in the assessment of gene expression levels by qRT-PCR, we analyzed the stability of a panel of eight candidate reference genes and concluded that qRT-PCR normalization to three stable genes is strongly convenient in experiments performed in red deer antler blood. To validate our proposal, we compared the expression level of three genes linked to red deer antler growth (ANXA2, APOD and TPM1) in fifteen male red deer classified as young (up to 4 years old) and adults (4-6 years old). Our data confirms that B2M, ACTB and RPLP0 are valuable reference genes for future gene expression studies in red deer antler blood, which would provide increased insight into the effects of intrinsic factors that determine antler development in red deer.


Assuntos
Chifres de Veado , Cervos , Animais , Cervos/metabolismo , Feminino , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reprodução , Crânio
4.
Mol Cell Probes ; 54: 101673, 2020 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33166632

RESUMO

The red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) is one of the most emblematic game species in Southern Europe. For the conservation of its natural populations against hybridization with chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) a public and agreed control system able to detect genetic introgression between the two species should be established. As the already available method has not been implemented yet, this paper presents an improvement of the genetic analysis technique by using an open platform system to optimize the diagnostic procedure. Here we present the results obtained from the design of an Open Array™ platform with the available SNPs with proved diagnosis capacity between the two species of interest. By this procedure we genotyped 380 partridge samples, both from farms and field populations, which resulted in an overall percentage of genotyping performed with success of 99.64%. The Open Array genotyping plates showed high performance, specificity and an easy reproducibility compared to conventional techniques of genotyping.


Assuntos
Galliformes/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Alelos , Animais , Nucleotídeo Cíclico Fosfodiesterase do Tipo 6/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Mutação/genética
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