RESUMO
The C. elegans genome encodes an unexpectedly large number of NHRs, the majority of which are classified as supplementary nuclear receptors (supnrs) that are likely to have evolved from an ancestral protein related to vertebrate HNF-4. To understand the need for this large repertoire of potential ligand-activated transcription factors, we have begun to study an 18-member subgroup defined by DNA binding domain relatedness. Here we report on NHR-60, a supnr expressed ubiquitously throughout development with a distinct pattern of localization on the nuclear periphery. Both antibody staining and GFP reporter genes demonstrated high-level expression and accumulation of NHR-60 in seam cell nuclei that is dependent on NHR-23 activity. Interference with NHR-60 activity, by either RNAi or overexpression of a putative dominant negative isoform, results in embryonic and early larval lethality, including defects in seam cell development. This adds NHR-60 to the list of C. elegans NHRs playing important roles in development.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Embrião não Mamífero/embriologia , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/metabolismo , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Caenorhabditis elegans/embriologia , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Embrião não Mamífero/citologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Genes Dominantes , Genes Reporter , Genoma Helmíntico/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Larva/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismoRESUMO
Abnormal expression of histone deacetylases may contribute to the establishment of a cancer specific transcription profile. We examined expression of HDAC3 in human non-malignant gliosis and glial astrocytic tumours. Samples from four non-malignant gliosis and 17 astrocytic gliomas (six of grade II, one of grade III and ten of grade IV) removed for therapeutic purposes were assayed for HDAC3 expression at mRNA and protein levels. HDAC3 mRNA was detected in non-tumorous gliosis as well as in all examined glial tumours. Seven out of eleven examined high-grade tumours showed an elevated number of copies of HDAC3 mRNA. Western blot analysis detected high levels of expression of HDAC3 in the majority of the examined tumours. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence made on a collection of 35 astrocytic tumours detected nuclear as well as cytoplasmic HDAC3 expression in all of those tumours. While the distribution of HDAC3 was both nuclear as well as cytoplasmic and moderate in intensity in non-malignant tissues and low-grade gliomas, high-grade tumours expressed HDAC3 in a focally deregulated pattern that included strongly pronounced cytoplasmic localization. Confocal microscopy and additional co-localization analysis detected nuclear HDAC3 in all tumours examined. We conclude that HDAC3 expression is elevated in human astrocytic tumours and its expression pattern is deregulated at the cellular level in high-grade gliomas.
