Insatisfação corporal e procedimentos estéticos em estudantes universitários / Insatisfacción corporal y procedimientos estéticos en estudiantes universitarios / Body dissatisfaction and aesthetic procedures in students

RESUMO A insatisfação com a imagem corporal ocorre quando o indivíduo deseja que seu corpo seja diferente da forma como o percebe. Os jovens, nesse contexto, tendem a apresentar preocupações com o corpo que podem afetar sua saúde física e psicológica. Este estudo objetivou identificar o grau de insatisfação corporal e possíveis intervenções estéticas feitas por universitários. Trata-se de um estudo observacional e transversal feito a partir de um questionário digital autoaplicável enviado por e-mail. Foram incluídos na pesquisa discentes a partir de 18 anos, regularmente matriculados na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, campus Governador Valadares (UFJF/GV) entre janeiro e março de 2020. Participaram 299 discentes: 81,6% são do sexo feminino; 68,2% têm renda familiar de até quatro salários mínimos; 34,8% cursavam fisioterapia; 64,5% eram pessoas que desconheciam a Fisioterapia Dermatofuncional; 21,1% eram indivíduos que já haviam realizado algum procedimento estético; e 85,3% relataram vontade de realizar procedimentos estéticos principalmente relacionados à redução da gordura localizada, sendo a falta de dinheiro o principal obstáculo para a realização dos procedimentos desejados. Sobre a insatisfação corporal, avaliada através do Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8), 33,4% dos participantes apresentaram "nenhuma preocupação com a forma" e 14,8%, "acentuada preocupação com a forma". Foi possível associar insatisfação corporal e a vontade de realizar algum procedimento estético com maior frequência entre os participantes que responderam sim em todas as classificações do BSQ-8. Apesar do baixo grau de insatisfação corporal entre a maioria dos participantes, uma parcela deles apresentou acentuada preocupação com a forma, destacando-se a necessidade de promover ações educativas para evitar impactos negativos na saúde física e mental.

RESUMEN La insatisfacción con la imagen corporal es un sentimiento que las personas experimentan cuando su cuerpo no cumple con las expectativas percibidas. En este contexto, los jóvenes tienden a preocuparse por su cuerpo, lo cual puede afectar su salud física y psicológica. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el grado de insatisfacción corporal y las posibles intervenciones estéticas realizadas por estudiantes universitarios. Este es un estudio observacional y transversal, que se basó en un cuestionario digital enviado por correo electrónico. En el estudio se incluyeron a estudiantes de más de 18 años de edad, matriculados regularmente en la Universidad Federal de Juiz de Fora, campus Governador Valadares (UFJF/GV), Brasil, entre enero y marzo de 2020. De los 299 estudiantes participantes: el 81,6% son mujeres; el 68,2% tienen renta familiar de hasta cuatro salarios mínimos; el 34,8% estudian fisioterapia; el 64,5% desconocen la fisioterapia dermatofuncional; el 21,1% informó haber sometido a algún procedimiento estético; y el 85,3% refirió estar dispuesto a realizar procedimientos estéticos, principalmente relacionados con la reducción de grasa localizada, pero la falta de dinero era el principal obstáculo para realizarlos. En cuanto a la insatisfacción corporal evaluada por el Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8), el 33,4% de los participantes mostraron "ninguna preocupación por la forma" y el 14,8%, "marcada preocupación por la forma". La insatisfacción corporal estuvo asociada con mayor frecuencia con la intención de realizar algún procedimiento estético entre los participantes que respondieron a sí a todas las clasificaciones del BSQ-8. A pesar de que la mayoría de los participantes presentaron bajo grado de insatisfacción corporal, parte de ellos mostró una marcada preocupación por la forma, lo que apunta a la necesidad de promover acciones educativas para evitar impactos negativos en la salud física y mental de esta población.

ABSTRACT Dissatisfaction with body image occurs when the individual wants his body to be different from his own perception. Young people tend to have concerns about the body that can affect their physical and psychological health. The study sought to identify the degree of body dissatisfaction and aesthetic procedures made by students. It is an observational and cross-sectional study that used a self-administered digital questionnaire sent by e-mail. Students aged 18 and over, regularly enrolled at the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares (UFJF/GV) between January and March 2020 were included. There were 299 participants, 81.6% of whom were female, 68.2% with a family income of up to 4 minimum wages, 34.8% of the physiotherapy course, and 64.5% did not know Dermatofunctional Physical Therapy. 21.1% had already undergone an aesthetic procedure, and 85.3% reported a desire to perform aesthetic procedures. The desired procedures were mainly to reduce localized fat, with lack of money being the main obstacle. Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8) was used to evaluate body dissatisfaction. 33.4% of the participants show no dissatisfaction, and 14.8% reported severe dissatisfaction. There was an association between body dissatisfaction and whether each individual would like to perform an aesthetic procedure, and in all BSQ-8 categories, the answer yes was more frequent. Despite the low degree of body dissatisfaction found, part of the participants showed severe dissatisfaction, highlighting the need to promote educational actions on the idealization of body image, in order to avoid negative impacts on individuals' physical and mental health.

Home environment opportunities and motor development of infants in the first year / Oportunidades do ambiente domiciliar e desenvolvimento motor de lactentes no primeiro ano

Abstract Introduction: The home environment is a fundamental agent for infant development in the first year of life. Objective: To evaluate the opportunities for environmental stimulation and the motor development of infants at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age and determine the association between these opportunities and the parents' schooling and economic levels, at each age studied. Methods: This is a longitudinal study using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) to assess motor development, the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) questionnaire to assess the stimulation opportunities at home, and the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (ABEP) questionnaire to classify the economic level of the families. The association between opportunities for environmental stimulation and schooling and economic levels was determined by the chi-squared test. Results: Thirty-seven infants participated, 54.1% of whom were boys. At 3 months of age, the opportunities for environmental stimulation were unsatisfactory, while at 6, 9, and 12 months satisfactory opportunities predominated. Three infants scored below 10% on the AIMS at 3 months of age, indicating delayed motor development. There was a significant association between economic level and total AHEMD-IS score (p = 0.031), and the toy dimension for gross (p = 0.016) and fine (p = 0.043) motor skills. Conclusion: The infants' home environment did not provide sufficient opportunities for stimulation in the first months, but improved during the first year. Motor development was considered delayed for three infants, but was suitable in subsequent evaluations.

Resumo Introdução: O ambiente domiciliar é um agente fundamental para o desenvolvimento do lactente no primeiro ano de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar as oportunidades do ambiente domiciliar e o desenvolvimento motor de lactentes aos 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses de idade e verificar se há associação entre as oportunidades de estimulação e a escolaridade e nível econômico dos pais, em cada faixa etária estudada. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal, que utilizou o instrumento Alberta Infant Motor Scale para avaliar o desenvolvimento motor, o questionário Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) para avaliar as oportunidades de estimulação oferecidas no domicílio e o questionário da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa para classificar o nível econômico das famílias. A associação entre as oportunidades de estimulação do ambiente e a escolaridade e nível econômico foi verifi-cada pelo teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 37 lactentes, sendo 54,1% do sexo masculino. Aos 3 meses de idade, as oportunidades de estimulação do ambiente foram insatisfatórias. Aos 6, 9 e 12 meses, houve predomínio de oportunidades satisfatórias. Três lactentes apresentaram percentil inferior a 10% aos 3 meses de idade, indicando atraso do desenvolvimento motor. Houve associação significativa entre o nível econômico e a pontuação total do AHEMD-IS (p = 0,031), a dimensão brinquedos de motricidade grossa (p = 0,016) e fina (p = 0,043). Conclusão: O ambiente domiciliar dos lactentes estudados apresentou oportunidades insuficientes para estimulação nos primeiros meses, melhorando ao longo do primeiro ano. O desenvolvimento motor foi considerado atrasado para três lactentes, tornando-se adequado nas avaliações subsequentes.

Th2 responses in OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice are down-modulated by Mycobacterium bovis BCG treatment.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment can reverse an established allergic airway inflammation in a BALB/c mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation. METHODS: OVA sensitized BALB/c mice were challenged with aerosolized OVA on days 28 to 30, 34, 41 and 63. Mice were intranasal treated with BCG on days 35 and 42. Twenty-four hours after the last challenge, blood samples were collected to detect anti-OVA immunoglobulin isotypes, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was harvested for cell count. Additionally, lungs were collected for histological analysis, detection of the eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity and measurement of cytokines and CCL11. The expression of CTLA-4, Foxp3 and IL-10 was also determined in lung tissue by flow cytometry. RESULTS: BCG treatment was able to inhibit an established allergic Th2-response, by decreasing the allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation, EPO activity, levels of CCL11 and IL-4, serum levels of IgE and IgG1. Mycobacteria treatment increased lung levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and TGF-ß, and expressions of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 in CD4(+)T cells. Additionally, an increased production of IL-10 by CD8(+) T cells was observed, even though no detectable changes in CD4(+)IL-10(+) was noticed. CONCLUSION: BCG treatment inhibits features of allergic airway inflammation and the results suggest that the mechanism underlying the down-regulatory effects of BCG on OVA-induced airway inflammation appear to be associated with the induction of both Th1 and T regulatory immune responses.

Effects of aqueous extract of Echinodorus grandiflorus on the immune response in ovalbumin-induced pulmonary allergy.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a disease characterized by intermittent obstruction of the airways and chronic inflammation that affects approximately 300 million people worldwide. The immune response in asthma is predominantly T(H)2, with high levels of total and allergen-specific IgE and bronchial eosinophilia. Asthma treatment is aimed at controlling the disease, and the drugs used currently have systemic adverse effects and generally are not effective in difficult-to-control cases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Echinodorus grandiflorus, a plant used in folk medicine for its diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties, in a model of pulmonary allergy. METHODS: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized and nasally challenged with ovalbumin. Aqueous extract and dexamethasone treatments (0.1 mL/d per mouse) were initiated on day 32 and concluded on day 40. Eight hours after the last challenge evaluations, of serum, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung tissue were performed. RESULTS: Oral treatment with the extract markedly reduced the number of total cells and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage. The eosinophil peroxidase activity in lung tissue, the levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE in serum, the levels of CCL11, and the gene expression of interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 in lung tissue were also lower after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the aqueous extract of E grandiflorus is able to modulate allergic pulmonary inflammation and may be useful as a potential therapeutic agent for asthma.

Registros de acidentes causados por aranha-marrom Loxosceles (Araneae Sicariidae)em Juiz de Fora e Rio Novo Minas Gerais / Records of accidents due to brown spiders (Loxosceles, Araneae Sicariidae) in Juiz de Fora and Rio Novo, Minas Gerais, Brazil

As aranhas Loxosceles, popularmente conhecidas poraranhas-marrons, possuem uma extensa distribuição geográficanas regiões temperadas e tropicais do mundo,estando representadas no Brasil por oito espécies, todas dehábitos sinantrópicos, podendo desencadear acidentes osquais são denominados de Loxoscelismo. Existe citação deocorrência dessas aranhas em vários municípios mineirose associar a existência delas a acidentes foi objeto deste estudo.Foram analisados prontuários do Hospital de ProntoSocorro de Juiz de Fora, MG, onde foram registrados trêsacidentes, dois no município de Juiz de Fora (2002) e umem Rio Novo, MG (2007). Todos foram tratados com soroterapiae evoluíram para a cura. A aranha só foi capturadaem Juiz de Fora, em julho de 2007.

Loxosceles spiders, popularly known as brown spiders, have an extensive distribution range in the world`s tem-perate and tropical regions, being represented in Brazil by 8 species, all with synanthropic behavior, and which can cause accidents known as loxoscelism. Such spiders have been found in several municipalities of Minas Gerais, and this study aimed to associate their presence with the oc-currence of accidents. Medical files from the Hospital de Pronto Socorro, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, were analyzed. 3 accidents had been recorded: 2 in the municipality of Juiz de Fora (2002) and 1 in the municipality of Rio Novo (2007). The 3 cases received anti-venom serum therapy and were cured. Only 1 spider was captured, in Juiz de Fora, in July 2007