Assuntos
Anestesia Local , Apneia , Adulto , Monitorização Transcutânea dos Gases Sanguíneos , Criança , Humanos , Laringoscopia , Oxigênio/sangueRESUMO
Currently available anesthetic techniques for laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy are briefly evaluated. Recently reported complications from the literature are reviewed. Satisfactory anesthetic techniques are shown to be limited by the physical dimensions of the instruments as well as the extreme limitations of the flow capacity of the small airway itself. The technique used at the Hospital for Sick Children for the past ten years is described. It is based upon spontaneous respiration with inhalation anesthesia, supplemented by topical lidocaine (Xylocaine). Size and age of the patient are not limiting factors. The safety and effectiveness of this technique are supported by representative blood gas studies as well as the clinical records of over 400 cases.
Assuntos
Anestesia por Inalação/métodos , Doenças da Laringe/cirurgia , Terapia a Laser , Lasers , Adolescente , Adulto , Anestesia Local , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Halotano , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Laringoscopia , MetoxifluranoRESUMO
An inhalation anesthetic technique applicable to all kinds of endoscopy in children is described. It provides maximum visualization for the endoscopist, permits pressurization of the airway, does not require exceptional or unusual skills, and can be successfully managed by an anesthetist utilizing universally recognized techniques of inhalation anesthesia.
Assuntos
Anestesia por Inalação/métodos , Endoscopia , Pediatria , Criança , Humanos , MetoxifluranoRESUMO
Ambient nitrous oxide concentrations were recorded in an operating room during delivery of the gas at low and medium flow-rates, with and without the application of simple scavenging devices. Residual background levels of nitrous oxide were still present more than one hour after disconnection of the flowmeters and use of the room. Scavenging reduced concentrations ten-fold. Adjacent corridors and the post-anaesthetic recovery room were contaminated with nitrous oxide from the operating rooms and from patients. A vigorous programme of checking for leaks and repairing and maintaining equipment, coupled with the use of suction scavenging, can reduce atmospheric contamination with nitrous oxide below 30 p.p.m., which is well within the limit suggested by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
