RESUMO
Numerical simulations have gained increasing importance in civil engineering in the recent past. The potential for research on the one hand and for practical application on the other hand is great. EN 1993-1-14 was developed to support users in the generation of numerical models, to provide security in the procedure and to achieve comparable results across the board. The accompanying publication of application examples is of extraordinary assistance. The data set presented in this article was also used to generate the benchmark examples No. 5 of Technical Report EN/TR 1993-1-141:2023 (E)_v2023-06 on EN 1993-1-14. Based on the data, the procedure for validating a numerical model on experimental component tests can be reproduced using a series of tests on cold-formed, C-shaped columns in axial compression. In this article, the measured imperfections of the test specimens and the recorded measured values during the test are first discussed in detail. The corresponding data are provided. Subsequently, the numerical models are provided and described as input files in the program language ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). The entire data set can be used as an aid to generate numerical models according to the specifications of EN 1993-1-14.
RESUMO
In the present study, we investigated whether there are critical time periods which influence the course of BMI during the first 6 years of life. From 5,433 children who participated in preschool examinations those 212 children were selected who crossed the BMI percentiles as a result of an extreme postnatal BMI rise (from <10th to 90th percentile) or fall (from >90th to <10th percentile) or who have persistently low or high BMI both at birth and at the age of 6 years. Forty children with a BMI close to the 50th percentile both at birth and age 6 years were selected to serve as controls. The courses of weight and height during the first 6 years of age were assessed and BMI was calculated. To identify influences connected with BMI development, we investigated genetic, social, nutritional, and other factors proceeding from the mother during pregnancy. Finally completed data sets of 57 children were available. Our study shows that during two critical time periods a significant move toward low or high BMI takes place among the groups: in early infancy from ~0.5 to 1.5 years and again from 5 to 6 years. At the age of 1.5 years the final state of BMI is already fixed in all study groups. Mothers of overweight 6-year-old children are overweight, whereas mothers of underweight 6-year-old children have a below-normal BMI. All other investigated factors only had a minor influence on postnatal BMI development. We conclude that postnatal BMI development follows a fixed genetic program and is mainly programmed by maternal metabolism.
