[Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and correlative risk factors among natural population in China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and correlative risk factors among natural population in China. METHODS: Ankle brachial index (ABI) was measured by trained doctors and related data were collected in residents from Beijing, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangdong, Neimenggu, and Xinjiang selected through cluster multistage and random sampling method. PAD was defined as an ABI < or = 0.9 in either leg. RESULTS: The prevalence of PAD among 21 152 eligible participants was 3.08%, the standardized prevalence was 3.04%. The prevalence in males and females was 2.52% and 3.66% and the standardized prevalence was 1.84% and 4.31% respectively, the prevalence rate was significantly lower in males than that in females (P < 0.01). The prevalence in both males and females increased significantly in proportion to aging (P < 0.01). The prevalence in Han Chinese was significantly higher than that in non-Han Chinese (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that older age, female gender, Han Chinese, waist circumference, smoking, lipid disorder, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and a history of ischemic stroke were associated with the increased prevalence of PAD. Incidence of known PAD was 1.38% in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Older age, female gender, Han Chinese, waist circumference, smoking, lipid disorder, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and a history of ischemic stroke were associated with the increased prevalence of PAD in natural Chinese population.

[Relationship between low ankle-brachial index and mortality of men with several atherosclerotic risk factors: a cohort study of 1941 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between ankle-brachial index (ABI) and all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in men with several atherosclerotic risk factors. METHODS: 1941 male patients with no less than two atherosclerotic risk factors, aged 67 (36 approximately 96), from 20 hospitals in Shanghai and Beijing, underwent examination of ABI and were followed up for 13.6 +/- 1.3 months to record the all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. RESULTS: The baseline examination showed that 467 patients were with the ABI 0.9 (7.7% and 1.8%, both P < 0.01). After adjusting other risk factors, the patients with 0.41 < ABI

[The relationship of ankle brachial index to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in Chinese male patients with hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the relationship of low ankle brachial index (ABI) to all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Chinese male patients with hypertension. METHODS: The data of 1606 male participants with hypertension from the eight hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai were analyzed. ABI was ascertained at baseline by measuring the systolic pressures on bilateral brachial and tibial arteries. ABI < or = 0.9 was used as the diagnostic criteria for PAD identification. The follow-up survey was conducted from November 2005 to January 2006. RESULTS: Of 1606 male participants with hypertension at baseline, 406 (25.3% ) were in low-ABI group and 1200 (74.7%) were in normal-ABI group. Older age, TC, history of diabetes, history of smoking and 2-grade hypertension were associated with low ABI in male patients with hypertension. During the (12.87 +/- 2.94) months follow-up, there were 153 deaths. Of which, 62 were attributable to CVD. Low ABI was associated with adjusted all-cause and CVD mortality risk of 1.728 (1.223-2.441) and 2.388 (1.409-4.046) respectively in Cox regression models. Rate of survival for the low-ABI group was significantly worse than for the normal-ABI group. The risk of all-cause and CVD mortality was increased with the decline of ABI. CONCLUSION: Low ABI is independently associated with the high risks of all-cause and CVD mortality in Chinese male patients with hypertension. The utility of ABI as a tool for predicting mortality in the patients with hypertension should be popularized.

Study on the independent association of uric acid levels with peripheral arterial disease in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the relationship between uric acid (UA) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>UA levels and PAD were evaluated in 3251 Chinese hospitalized patients with CHD (age > or = 50 years). PAD was diagnosed when the ankle-brachial index was < 0.9 but patients with an ankle-brachial index of > 1.4 were excluded because of false negative rate. Potential confounding variables with P < 0.10 were adjusted for multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In univariate analysis, UA levels were higher in patients with PAD than in those without PAD (349.80 micromol/L +/- 128.45 micromol/L vs. 323.00 micromol/L +/- 110.72 micromol/L, P < 0.001). Rate of hyperuricemia in patients with PAD and without PAD were 31.62% and 22.48% (P < 0.001) respectively. Prevalence rates of PAD for quintiles of UA level were 23.2%, 27.4%, 36.1%, 43.2% and 72.7%, respectively (P-trend < 0.05). With UA level as a continuous variable, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for PAD was 1.002 (95% confidence interval: 1.001 - 1.002) (P < 0.001). The optimal cut-off point for UA as determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 227.2 micromol/L. The sensitivity and specificity at this cut-off point were 84.6% and 20.3%, respectively. The area under curve was 0.521 (95% confidence interval: 0.504 - 0.547) and the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for PAD for UA above this level was 1.292 (95% confidence interval: 1.047 - 1.596) (P < 0.01). The results, however, after exclusion those cases who used diuretics, were similar.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Elevated uric acid level seemed a significant and independent risk factor for PAD in Chinese hospitalized patients with CHD (age > or = 50 years).</p>

[Research of the relationship between smoking and peripheral arterial disease].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between smoking and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by investigate the smoking status and measuring the (ABI). METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 3379 male patients hospitalized in the departments of cardiovascular internal medicine, nephrology, and endocrinology, aged 40-98, 2253 smokers and 1126 non-smokers, to understand their life styles, anamnesis, and smoking history. All patients underwent measurement of systolic blood pressures of the upper arm and ankle so as to calculate the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Measurement. An ABI less than or equal to 0.9 was considered to be indicative of significant PAD. RESULTS: The ABI levels in the smoker group were significantly lower than those in the non-smoker group (P < 0.05). The prevalence of PAD was 24.94% in the smoker group, and 20.60% in the non-smoker group. The age-adjusted OR of the smokers was 1.480 (95% CI: 1.237-1.770), with a significant dosage-effect relationship between smoking and PAD. CONCLUSION: Smoking is a significant risk factor of PAD. The prevalence of PAD was increased with the dosage of smoking.