Identifying Gaps and Barriers in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Research and Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Survey of Health Professionals and Researchers.

Background: The significant increase in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia prevalence is a global health crisis, acutely impacting low- and lower-middle and upper-middle-income countries (LLMICs/UMICs). Objective: The objective of this study is to identify key barriers and gaps in dementia care and research in LLMICs and UMICs. Methods: We conducted an international, cross-sectional survey among clinicians and healthcare professionals (n = 249 in 34 countries) across LLMICs and UMICs, exploring patient demographics, use of clinical diagnosis, dementia evaluation, screening/evaluation tools, and care and treatment. Results: Significant disparities were found in diagnostic practices, access to assessments, and access to care. On average, clinicians in LLMICs saw more patients, had less time for evaluations, lower use of formal screening and tools, and less access to biomarkers. They were also under-resourced compared to UMICs. Conclusions: The findings provide insights for policymakers, healthcare organizations, and researchers to address the complex challenges associated with dementia care in diverse settings. Addressing these challenges requires a multipronged approach involving local, national, and international stakeholders.