[Surgical diseases in acute poisonings]. / Khirurgicheskie zabolevaniia pri ostrykh otravleniiakh.

Under analysis there were 104 case histories of patients with surgical diseases diagnosed in a toxicological center. In 34 patients the surgical diseases or mechanical traumas were combined with poisoning, in 106 patients they appeared due to acute poisoning. In the first group most frequent were closed craniocerebral injuries and acute destructive pancreatitis. In the second group prevailing were gastroesophageal bleedings.

[Clinico-morphologic and histochemical changes in the neuromuscular apparatus in acute carbophos poisoning]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskie i gistokhimicheskie izmeneniia nervno-myshechnogo apparata pri ostrom otravlenii karbofosom.

Clinical analysis of 378 acute cases of Malathion insecticide intoxication and pathological and histochemical investigation of skeletal muscles in 7 autopsied victims of acute poisoning have revealed the pronounced neuromuscular disorders. Generalized paresis and paralysis of muscles were observed in trunk and limbs. Muscular fasciculation, hypotonia and hyporeflexia were also generalized. Multiple foci of muscular fibers necrosis and necrobiosis were found with intermuscular nerves and motor endings degenerated, neuromuscular junctions cholinesterase sharply inactivated.

[Effectiveness of alupent in disorders of the pulmonary surfactant system caused by chlorophos poisoning]. / Effektivnost' alupenta pri narusheniiakh surfaktantnoi sistemy legkikh, vyzvannykh otravleniem khlorofosom.

Acute oral chlorophos poisoning of laboratory animals was shown to result in a decrease of the pulmonary surfactant system according to the severity of intoxication. Alupent in combination with atropine and dipyroxime prevented the disturbances of the system.

[Treatment of the positional compression syndrome]. / Lechenie bol'nykh s sindromon pozitsionnogo sdavleniia.

The experience with the treatment of 35 patients with the syndrome of positional compression is described, 29 of then having acute renal insufficiency. They were subjected to 116 operations of hemodialysis. Five patients died. The main caused of the death was acute renal insufficiency. The measures used for the prevention of acute renal insufficiency are considered by the authors to be ineffective while the timely treatment by hemodialysis can result in recovery almost in all the cases. The main cause of failure of the treatment of this type of acute renal insufficiency was hyperhydration of the pulmonary tissue.

[Neurologic disorders in acute dichloroethane poisoning]. / Nevrologicheskie rasstroistva pri ostrom otravlenii dikhlorétanom.

The paper deals with a study of the nervous system in 121 patients with acute poisening with dichlorethane. Among the studied contingent there were 110 males and 11 females. According to the severity of the intoxication the patients were divided into 3 groups: mild--23 cases, moderate--11 cases, severe--87 cases. The following 6 neurological syndromes were distinguished: comatose, convulsive, atactic, extrapyramidal, psychotic and asthenic with vegetative-vascular insufficiency. Morphological studies detected the following: congestion plethora, vascular dystonia, microfoci hemorrhages, acute swelling of the nervous cells with signs of chromatolyses, shrunk cells, severe and ischemic change of the nervous cells. The treatment consisted in an accelerated elimination of dichlorethane from the organism and symptomatic therapy. The results of these studies demonstrated that in poisoning with dichlorethane there were diffuse, mainly dystrophic changes in the cells of the brain and spinal cord, which clinically may be expressed by symptoms of a lesion of many systems and may be qualified as toxic encephalomyelopathy.

[Changes in the nervous system in acute oral chlorophos poisoning (clinical and pathomorphologic findings)]. / Izmeneniia nervnoi sistemy pri ostrykh peroral'nykh otravleniiakh khlorofosom (klinicheskie i patomorfologicheskie dannye

In 136 patients with acute peroral poisoning by chlorofos with a light, moderate and severe degree there were symptoms of muscarine-nicotinelike action in the early periods of intoxication. In the postintoxicational period polyneuritis and astheno-vegetative syndromes could develop. There were also pathomorphological changes in the different parts of the nervous system detected in autopsy cases and characterized by perivascular and parenchymatous swelling and changes of the nervous cells of the brain and spinal cord of the type of acute disturbances. In some of the nervous cells there was a lysis of the cellular body and nucleus.