Herbivorous fish (Medialuna ancietae) as a sustainable alternative for nutrition security in Northern Chile.

Sustainability in aquaculture is a necessity of the future, not only as the most promising means of supplying the protein that the world will require to feed its growing population but to offer needed conservation of the world's ocean resources. The use of wild fish inputs in farm-raised fish outputs has been a primary concern of sustainability in aquaculture production. Herbivorous fish are more efficient converters of protein into fish flesh. Species of the genus Medialuna fish have been reported as a fast-growing, short-lived species. The native fish Acha (Medialuna ancietae Chirichigno 1987) in the Northern part of Chile is an over-exploited fish that has been associated with aquatic vegetation as a food source. We studied the feeding habits and nutritional composition of M. ancietae. For this, we developed a reference collection of marine macroalga (epidermis and nutritional composition) observed in the diet of individuals of this species for the study of digestive material. More than 90% of the components found were marine macroalgae, indicating that M. ancietae is an herbivorous fish. Compared to non-herbivorous fish our results showed that most of the nutrients present in the Medialuna diet are found at much lower levels including n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (49.7%) and protein (13-60%). M. ancietae meat provides essential components of human nutrition with a significant protein content (18.99 ± 0.26%) and 268 ± 5.9 mg/100 g of the essential n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most fed aquaculture non-herbivorous species rely on wild-captured fish for these essential nutrients, while M. ancietae can obtain and concentrate them from potentially cultivable macroalgae. M. ancietae has potential for sustainable aquaculture production as a contribution to nutrition security and the re-stocking of wild populations.

Reversal of SARS-CoV2-Induced Hypoxia by Nebulized Sodium Ibuprofenate in a Compassionate Use Program.

INTRODUCTION: Sodium ibuprofenate in hypertonic saline (NaIHS) administered directly to the lungs by nebulization and inhalation has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, with the potential to deliver these benefits to hypoxic patients. We describe a compassionate use program that offered this therapy to hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS: NaIHS (50 mg ibuprofen, tid) was provided in addition to standard of care (SOC) to hospitalized COVID-19 patients until oxygen saturation levels of > 94% were achieved on ambient air. Patients wore a containment hood to diminish aerosolization. Outcome data from participating patients treated at multiple hospitals in Argentina between April 4 and October 31, 2020, are summarized. Results were compared with a retrospective contemporaneous control (CC) group of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with SOC alone during the same time frame from a subset of participating hospitals from Córdoba and Buenos Aires. RESULTS: The evolution of 383 patients treated with SOC + NaIHS [56 on mechanical ventilation (MV) at baseline] and 195 CC (21 on MV at baseline) are summarized. At baseline, NaIHS-treated patients had basal oxygen saturation of 90.7 ± 0.2% (74.3% were on supplemental oxygen at baseline) and a basal respiratory rate of 22.7 ± 0.3 breath/min. In the CC group, basal oxygen saturation was 92.6 ± 0.4% (52.1% were on oxygen supplementation at baseline) and respiratory rate was 19.3 ± 0.3 breath/min. Despite greater pulmonary compromise at baseline in the NaIHS-treated group, the length of treatment (LOT) was 9.1 ± 0.2 gs with an average length of stay (ALOS) of 11.5 ± 0.3 days, in comparison with an ALOS of 13.3 ± 0.9 days in the CC group. In patients on MV who received NaIHS, the ALOS was lower than in the CC group. In both NaIHS-treated groups, a rapid reversal of deterioration in oxygenation and NEWS2 scores was observed acutely after initiation of NaIHS therapy. No serious adverse events were considered related to ibuprofen therapy. Mortality was lower in both NaIHS groups compared with CC groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of COVID-19 pneumonitis with inhalational nebulized NaIHS was associated with rapid improvement in hypoxia and vital signs, with no serious adverse events attributed to therapy. Nebulized NaIHS s worthy of further study in randomized, placebo-controlled trials (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04382768).

Pólipos de colon y recto / Colon and rectum polyps

Se llevó a cabo una investigación prospectiva sobre pólipos de colon y recto; se integraron dos grupos, el primero considerado como de estudio correspondió a 20 enfermos portadores de la enfermedad. El segundo, lo integraron 8 sujetos sanos. El objetivo fue la de reafirmar o eliminar algunos conocimientos actuales sobre su origen, diagnóstico y tratamiento. El hallazgo encontrado con respecto a la dieta rica en carbohidratos puede ser coincidental; pero al igual que en el carcinoma, se puede sospechar que existe una relación entre ingesta de azúcares refinados y la aparición de pólipos colorectales. Los niveles de IgG sérica se encontraron disminuidos en el grupo de estudio con valor medio de 1148.7 + ou - 473.6, ésto proporcionó una p=0.001. En neoplasias malignas de colon también se demostraron disminución de los niveles de IgG, lo que señala, factores inhibitorios humorales en la linfoblastogénesis y en la producción de inmunoglobulinas. Se precisó que la endoscopía es el método de elección para el diagnóstico de pólipos en colon y recto, en nuestro trabajo se observó importante diferencia al ser comparada con el colon por enema, doble contraste. El diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento oportuno de esas neoplasias proporcionaron magníficos resultados en dos enfermos que les fueron extraídos de ámpula rectal, pólipos con carcinoma in-situ. Se demostró que la polipectomía transendoscópica tiene más ventajas que el tratamiento quirúrgico. El análisis histológico informó predominio de pólipos adenomatosos