Adecuación y calidad de las ecografías abdominales solicitadas por los profesionales de medicina / Acceptability and quality of abdominal ultrasound studies requested by medical professionals

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la adecuación/calidad de las ecografías abdominales solicitadas por médicos de atención primaria de Barcelona, desarrollar una guía para la ecografía y evaluar su impacto en la adecuación. MÉTODOS: Diseño estudio en 2 fases, una descriptiva, retrospectiva, que evalúa la calidad/adecuación de las solicitudes (fase preintervención), y otra que evalúa el impacto en la calidad/adecuación gracias a la guía (fase postintervención). Sujetos: solicitudes de ecografías durante enero-junio del 2010 procedentes de 10 centros de AP y el mismo número de solicitudes provenientes de los mismos centros después de la intervención. Variables. Fase preintervención: motivo de la visita y petición; presencia de orientación diagnóstica; resultado de la ecografía; calidad/adecuación de la solicitud. Intervención: diseño de una guía mediante técnica grupo nominal y difusión de la guía en los mismos centros. Fase postintervención: 3 meses después de la difusión, analizar el mismo número de solicitudes evaluando las mismas variables que en la fase preintervención. RESULTADOS: Fase preintervención, 1.063 solicitudes, 52,4% mujeres, edad media 52±16 años (rango 11-94). Fase postintervención, 1.060 solicitudes, 57,6% mujeres, edad 54±17 años (rango 6-91). Principales motivos de petición: dolor abdominal/molestias 38,3% (preintervención) y 43,1% (postintervención). Orientación diagnóstica en el 14,5% (preintervención) y el 40,8% (postintervención). Resultado de ecografía normal en el 46,0% (preintervención) y el 42,3% (postintervención). Calidad de las solicitudes buena en el 42,7% (preintervención) y el 46,5% (postintervención). Adecuación de ecografía del 70,5% (preintervención) y del 94,1% (postintervención). A mayor calidad de la solicitud, mejor adecuación y mayor presencia de patología. CONCLUSIONES: La guía de la ecografía mejora la calidad de las solicitudes, la orientación diagnóstica y su adecuación

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acceptability/quality of abdominal ultrasound studies requested by primary care physicians in Barcelona; to develop ultrasound guidelines and assess their impact on acceptability. METHODS: Desing 2-phase study, one retrospective, descriptive phase evaluating the acceptability/quality of requests (pre-intervention phase) and another to assess the impact of guidelines on acceptability/quality (post-intervention phase). Subjects: Requests for ultrasound studies from January-June 2010 from 10 primary care centers and the same number of requests from the same centers after the intervention. Variables. Pre-intervention phase: reason for consultation and request; presence of diagnostic orientation; results of ultrasound; acceptability/quality of the request. Intervention: design guidelines using the nominal group technique, dissemination of guidelines in the same centers. Post-intervention phase: three months after dissemination analyze the same number of requests assessing the same variables included in the pre-intervention phase. RESULTS: Pre-intervention phase: 1,063 requests, 52.4% women, mean age 52±16 years (range 11-94). Post-intervention phase: 1,060 requests, 57.6% women, mean age 54±17 years (range 6-91). Main reasons for requests: abdominal pain/discomfort 38.3% (pre-intervention) and 43.1% (post-intervention). Diagnostic orientation in 14.5% (pre-intervention) and 40.8% (post-intervention). Normal ultrasound results in 46.0% (pre-intervention) and 42.3% (post-intervention). Good quality of requests in 42.7% (pre-intervention) and 46.5% (post-intervention). Acceptability of ultrasound: 70.5% (pre-intervention) and 94.1% (post-intervention). The better the quality of the request, the better the acceptability of the studies and the greater the number of pathological conditions identified. CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines for ultrasound improve the quality of requests, diagnostic orientation and acceptability of the studies

[Acceptability and quality of abdominal ultrasound studies requested by medical professionals]. / Adecuación y calidad de las ecografías abdominales solicitadas por los profesionales de medicina.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acceptability/quality of abdominal ultrasound studies requested by primary care physicians in Barcelona; to develop ultrasound guidelines and assess their impact on acceptability. DESIGN: 2-phase study, one retrospective, descriptive phase evaluating the acceptability/quality of requests (pre-intervention phase) and another to assess the impact of guidelines on acceptability/quality (post-intervention phase). SUBJECTS: Requests for ultrasound studies from January-June 2010 from 10 primary care centers and the same number of requests from the same centers after the intervention. VARIABLES: Pre-intervention phase: reason for consultation and request; presence of diagnostic orientation; results of ultrasound; acceptability/quality of the request. INTERVENTION: design guidelines using the nominal group technique, dissemination of guidelines in the same centers. Post-intervention phase: three months after dissemination analyze the same number of requests assessing the same variables included in the pre-intervention phase. RESULTS: Pre-intervention phase: 1,063 requests, 52.4% women, mean age 52±16years (range 11-94). Post-intervention phase: 1,060 requests, 57.6% women, mean age 54±17years (range 6-91). Main reasons for requests: abdominal pain/discomfort 38.3% (pre-intervention) and 43.1% (post-intervention). Diagnostic orientation in 14.5% (pre-intervention) and 40.8% (post-intervention). Normal ultrasound results in 46.0% (pre-intervention) and 42.3% (post-intervention). Good quality of requests in 42.7% (pre-intervention) and 46.5% (post-intervention). Acceptability of ultrasound: 70.5% (pre-intervention) and 94.1% (post-intervention). The better the quality of the request, the better the acceptability of the studies and the greater the number of pathological conditions identified. CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines for ultrasound improve the quality of requests, diagnostic orientation and acceptability of the studies.

Marcadores no invasivos de fibrosis en el diagnóstico del hígado graso no alcohólico / Non-invasive markers of fibrosis in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

OBJETIVO: Analizar la utilidad de tres índices predictivos de fibrosis en la detección de hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA) como método no invasivo en atención primaria. Diseño Estudio descriptivo de base poblacional, multicéntrico y transversal, procedentes de 25 Centros de Atención Primaria de la provincia de Barcelona. Participantes Individuos sanos entre 17-83 años seleccionados aleatoriamente a partir del Sistema Informático de Atención Primaria (SIAP).Método Anamnesis, exploración física, analítica para determinar los índices predictivos de fibrosis; HAIR (hipertensión arterial, resistencia a insulina, alaninaaminotransferas a); Fatty Liver Index (FLI) (índice de masa corporal, gammaglutamiltranspeptidasa, triglicéridos, perímetro abdominal) y Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) (triglicéridos, perímetro abdominal), y ecografía abdominal. RESULTADOS: Setecientos dos individuos, 58% mujeres, edad media de 53±14 años. Un 30,8% tuvieron FLI positivo, 6,7% el HAIR y 15,5% el LAP, oscilando la concordancia entre los tres índices entre el 63,1% y el 84,9%, con índices kappa entre 0,18 y 0,50. Cumplían criterios ecográficos de HGNA 184 individuos representando una prevalencia de 26,29%. La prevalencia de HGNA en pacientes con índice FLI, HAIR y LAP positivo fue del 46,8%, 68,1% y 56,0% respectivamente. El índice con mayor sensibilidad para HGNA fue el FLI ≥ 60 con un 84%. La especificidad fue mayor para el HAIR y LAP con un 97% y 91% respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: FLI, HAIR y LAP son muy prevalentes y se han mostrado como marcadores independientes para el diagnóstico de HGNA. La falta de concordancia entre estos índices, provoca la obtención de diferentes prevalencias siendo necesario unificar criterios para obtener un índice más útil para el diagnóstico de HGNA

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the utility of three indices to predict hepatic fibrosis in the detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a non-invasive method in primary care. DESIGN: We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study with a populational base from 25 primary care centers in the province of Barcelona. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy individuals aged 17 to 83 years randomly selected from the Primary Care Computer System. METHODS: Medical history, physical examination, and blood analyses were used to determine the following predictive indices of fibrosis; HAIR (hypertension, alanine-aminotransferase, insulin resistance); Fatty Liver Index (FLI) (body mass index, gammaglutamyl-transpeptidase, triglycerides, abdominal perimeter) and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) (triglycerides, abdominal perimeter), and abdominal echography. RESULTS: We included 702 individuals; 58% were women and the mean age was 53±14 years. The FLI was positive in 30.8%, HAIR was positive in 6.7%, and LAP was positive in 15.5%. Agreement among the three indices ranged from 63.1% to 84.9%, with kappa indices between 0.18 and 0.50. A total of 184 individuals met the echographic criteria of NAFLD, representing a prevalence of 26.29%. The prevalence of NAFLD in patients with positive FLI, HAIR and LAP indices was 46.8%, 68.1% and 56%, respectively. The index with the greatest sensitivity for NAFLD was tFLI≥60 with 84%. Specificity was highest for HAIR and LAP with 97% and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: FLI, HAIR and LAP are highly prevalent and have been shown to be independent markers for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Because of the lack of concordance between the indices, different prevalences are obtained, thus requiring criteria to be unified in order to obtain a more useful index for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Because of the lack of concordance between the indices, different prevalences are obtained, thus requiring criteria to be unified in order to obtain a more useful index for the diagnosis of NAFLD

[Non-invasive markers of fibrosis in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]. / Marcadores no invasivos de fibrosis en el diagnóstico del hígado graso no alcohólico.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the utility of three indices to predict hepatic fibrosis in the detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a non-invasive method in primary care. DESIGN: We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study with a populational base from 25 primary care centers in the province of Barcelona. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy individuals aged 17 to 83 years randomly selected from the Primary Care Computer System. METHODS: Medical history, physical examination, and blood analyses were used to determine the following predictive indices of fibrosis; HAIR (hypertension, alanine-aminotransferase, insulin resistance); Fatty Liver Index (FLI) (body mass index, gammaglutamyl-transpeptidase, triglycerides, abdominal perimeter) and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) (triglycerides, abdominal perimeter), and abdominal echography. RESULTS: We included 702 individuals; 58% were women and the mean age was 53±14 years. The FLI was positive in 30.8%, HAIR was positive in 6.7%, and LAP was positive in 15.5%. Agreement among the three indices ranged from 63.1% to 84.9%, with kappa indices between 0.18 and 0.50. A total of 184 individuals met the echographic criteria of NAFLD, representing a prevalence of 26.29%. The prevalence of NAFLD in patients with positive FLI, HAIR and LAP indices was 46.8%, 68.1% and 56%, respectively. The index with the greatest sensitivity for NAFLD was tFLI≥60 with 84%. Specificity was highest for HAIR and LAP with 97% and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: FLI, HAIR and LAP are highly prevalent and have been shown to be independent markers for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Because of the lack of concordance between the indices, different prevalences are obtained, thus requiring criteria to be unified in order to obtain a more useful index for the diagnosis of NAFLD.