RESUMO
Atrial septal defects (ASD) represent the most common congenital heart defect diagnosed in adulthood. Adults with an ASD are often asymptomatic, but sometimes may present with non-specific symptoms such as dyspnea on exertion or exercise intolerance. Isolated sinus venosus atrial defect is an extremely rare anomaly. Sinus venosus defects occur more commonly in the superior (rather than inferior) portion of the embryologic sinus venosus and commonly occur with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, particularly of the right upper pulmonary vein. We describe the case of an 80-year-old man with an undiagnosed, hemodynamically significant superior sinus venosus type of ASD who presented with persistent dyspnea and hypoxia after COVID-19 disease. Although cardiac magnetic resonance represents the gold standard for the morpho-functional evaluation of ASDs, transesophageal echocardiography is an accessible method for diagnosing the superior sinus venosus type of ASD and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography is useful for obtaining an "en face" view of the ASD and important surrounding structures.
RESUMO
AIM: Despite the advances in surgery and radio-chemotherapy, the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor with about 13% of patients alive at 24 months. METHODS: A total of 75 long-term survivors (LTS), defined as alive at least 24 months from diagnosis, were retrospectively analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free-survival (RFS) were calculated and related to patient characteristics and treatment received. RESULTS: Median age and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) were 56 years and 100%, respectively. After surgery (gross tumor resection-GTR in 62, 83% patients), all LTS received concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) with radiotherapy and 70 (93%) adjuvant TMZ. Of these, 10 (13%) discontinued TMZ prior the completion of 6 cycles, 37 (49%) received 6 cycles and 23 (31%) >6 cycles. Sixty-nine (92%) patients experienced a first tumor recurrence at a median time of 21 months. Of these, 32 (46%) were submitted to a second surgery, 34 (49%) to other no-surgical treatments and 3 (5%) only supportive care. At multivariate analysis, OS was significantly improved by second surgery after first recurrence (P = 0.0032) and by cycles of adjuvant TMZ > 6 versus ≤6 (P = 0.05). More than six cycles of TMZ significantly conditioned also first RFS (P = 0.011) and second RFS (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION: The large majority of LTS had <65 years, had a high KPS and received GTR. OS and RFS resulted significantly related to an extended administration of adjuvant TMZ (>6 cycles) and a second surgery in case of recurrence.
