RESUMO
Background: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of moderate and severe orthodontic forces on Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the healthy human periodontal ligament (PDL) and its possible relationship with the human dental pulp. Material and Methods: Ninety human periodontal ligament samples were obtained from healthy premolars where extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons. Prior to extraction, teeth were divided in 3 groups of 30 samples each: I) Untreated teeth control group; II) Moderate force group: A 56 g force was applied to the premolars for 24 hours; and III) Severe force group: A 224 g force was applied to the premolars for 7 days. All periodontal ligament samples were processed and CGRP was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: Greater CGRP expression was found in the severe force group, followed by the moderate force group. The lower CGRP values were for the untreated teeth. Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistically significant differences between groups (p<0.001). LSD post hoc tests showed statistically significant differences in CGRP expression between the untreated teeth and the severe forces group (p<0.001). Differences between the moderate and severe force groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant differences between the untreated teeth and the moderate forces group (p<0.261). Conclusions: CGRP expression in human periodontal ligament increases when teeth are submitted to severe orthodontic forces. This elevated expression of CGRP, which is proportional to the applied force, may affect the way the dental pulp responds to different stimuli from the orthodontic forces. Key words:Calcitonin gene-related peptide, orthodontic force, human periodontal ligament, neurogenic inflammation.
RESUMO
Objetivo: evaluar la reproducibilidad en el diagnóstico imagenológico de Periodontitis Apical en dientes del maxilar superior, a partir de 60 CBCT tomadas en una institución clínica de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Métodos: el estudio fue realizado por dos obser-vadores, previamente calibrados, de CBCT del maxilar superior que contenían dientes permanentes con ápice cerrado, correspondientes a adultos mayores de 18 años de edad. La presencia o ausencia de periodontitis apical se analizó utilizando el índice CBCT PAI. La información registrada fue relacionada con variables de interés. Resultados:la reproducibilidad entre los evaluadores fue sustancial o perfecta. La prevalencia de periodontitis apical encontrada fue del 21,6%; en los dientes con tratamiento de en-dodoncia fue del 12,4% y en los dientes sin tratamiento endodóntico fue de un 9,2%. Conclusiones: la tomografía CBCT proporciona al clínico información que permite una mayor claridad en la fase de diagnóstico. Los dientes con la mayor prevalencia de PA fueron el primer molar y el primer premolar superior izquierdo, respectivamente.
Objective: To evaluate the reproducibility in the imaging diagnosis of apical periodontitis (PA) in upper jaw teeth from 60 cone beam computerized axial tomography (CBCT) taken at a clinical institution in an intermediate city in Colombia.Methods: The study was conducted by two previously calibrated observers from CBCT of the upper jaw containing permanent teeth with closed apex corresponding to adults over 18 years of age. The presence or absence of apical periodontitis was analyzed using the CBCT PAI index. The recorded information was related to variables of interest. Results: Reproducibility among testers was substantial or perfect. The prevalence of PA found was 21.6%, in teeth with endodontic treatment 12.4% and in teeth without endodontic treatment 9.2%. Conclusions: CBCT tomography provides the clinician with information that allows for greater clarity in the diagnostic phase. The teeth with the highest prevalence of PA were the first molar and first upper left premolar respectively.
