RESUMO
Gamma dose rates of oil production equipment and wastes were measured externally by survey meter. They were found to be between 0.2 µSv h(-1) and 25.7 µSv h(-1). Activity concentrations of radium isotopes in crude oil, scale, sludge, contaminated soil and water samples were determined by gamma spectrometric method. Activity concentrations of (224)Ra, (226)Ra and (228)Ra in samples varied from MDA to 132,000 Bq kg(-1). Radium isotopes enriched up to 14,667 times in scale samples. The highest value of (226)Ra was found to be 35,122 ± 1,983 Bq kg(-1) for sludge samples. Activity concentrations of a considerable number of samples were found to be higher than the exemption level recommended by IAEA. Measurement results revealed that oil production wastes caused soil contamination up to 70,483 Bq kg(-1). They may pose a radiological risk for workers and members of the public.
Assuntos
Resíduos Industriais/análise , Indústria de Petróleo e Gás , Poluentes Radioativos/análise , Rádio (Elemento)/análise , Petróleo/análise , Radiometria , Esgotos/análise , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo/análise , Espectrometria gama , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Exposure of the fetus to medical radiation sources during the diagnostic procedures without intention is one of the most significant concerns in the medical community. In this study, 45 conventional X-ray and computed tomography (CT) examinations of the women who were unaware of their pregnancy were investigated. Effective doses and fetal doses were calculated for each application by using PCXMC and ImPACT CT scan software. The exposure of abdominal CT and abdominal conventional X-ray examinations was found to be over the literature for both the range and the average values. Average effective dose for abdominal CT examinations was calculated to be â¼3.1 times higher than that in the literature. For abdominal CT and conventional X-ray examinations, the mean fetal doses were found to be â¼3.5 times and â¼5.4 times higher than those in the literature, respectively.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Feto/diagnóstico por imagem , Feto/efeitos da radiação , Modelos Biológicos , Método de Monte Carlo , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Exposição Materna , Imagens de Fantasmas , Gravidez , Doses de Radiação , Radiografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Turquia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A total of 56 crude oil, refinery product, waste water, sludge and scale samples collected from three refineries were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry. Except for nine samples, all refinery product samples were found to have activity concentrations below the minimum detectable activity (MDA) values. The maximum (224)Ra, (226)Ra, (228)Ra and (40)K activity concentrations in crude oil and refinery product samples were measured as 11.7 ± 4.5, 14.9 ± 3.5, 11.6 ± 4.5, 248.5 ± 18.5 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The maximum (224)Ra, (226)Ra, (228)Ra and (40)K activity concentrations in scale, sludge and water samples were measured as 343.7 ± 11.8, 809.2 ± 29.0, 302.5 ± 21.6, 623.0 ± 80.9 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Radium equivalent activities of the residue samples were calculated up to 1241.8 ± 42.4 Bq kg(-1). The maximum activity concentration index and the alpha index were found to be 4.2 and 4.0, respectively. The annual effective doses of residue samples were calculated below the permitted dose rate for the public, i.e. 1 mSv y(-1).
