Clinical applications of molecular biomarkers in prostate cancer detection.

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease with regard to molecular alterations and clinical course. Early diagnosis of prostate cancer can increase the curative success rate for this disease. Because of the recent developments in the field of molecular biology, an increased interest occurred for molecular biomarkers, as tools for early prostate cancer detection, monitoring disease progression, predicting disease recurrence and therapeutic treatment efficacy. Many molecular biomarkers have been discovered in human serum, urine, seminal fluid and histological specimens.