RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Risk factors for driving while intoxicated (DWI) are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors, other than multiple vehicle-related violations, that identify a group of bad drivers at risk of subsequent DWI violations. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of drivers with multiple vehicle-related violations who completed a questionnaire on driving and personal characteristics (N = 253). RESULTS: Thirty-six variables were found associated with a 1.8- to 6.3-fold increased risk of subsequent DWI in the following categories: driving behavior, drinking behavior, history of physical trauma, alcohol-related expectancies and family history. CONCLUSIONS: A screening system could be incorporated in DWI prevention programs to target high-risk groups.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/legislação & jurisprudência , Condução de Veículo/legislação & jurisprudência , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/genética , Alcoolismo/genética , Alcoolismo/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Motivação , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
We surveyed 449 parents to assess: (a) the prevalence of different types of physical and emotional punishment during their childhoods: (b) the prevalence of current parental approval of these types of punishments, and (c) risk factors for current approval of physical and emotional punishments. Parents in waiting rooms of pediatric clinics were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire about their childhood punishment experiences and their current approval of various types of punishment. Reported experiences and approval were as follows: 24% experienced and 6% approved of uncommon punishments (e.g., burned), 45% experienced and 17% approved of common punishments (e.g., shaken), and 94% experienced and 88% approved of very common punishments (e.g., spanked). Having experienced each type of punishment was a highly significant risk factor for currently approving of that type of punishment (p < .01 for each). Race, income, and education were not significant risk factors for approval of different types of punishment. Many parents have experienced harsh types of punishment during their childhoods. Efforts at identifying and educating parents who approve of harsh and/or abusive types of punishment should focus on those who have experienced harsh punishment rather than on particular racial or socioeconomic groups.
