Trends in cardiovascular risk factors of Siberian adolescents during socioeconomic reforms in Russia (1989-2003).

OBJECTIVE: Prevalence and trends of cardiovascular risk factors among adolescent population in Novosibirsk during the reforms in Russia (1989-2003). STUDY DESIGN: Four cross-sectional surveys of representative samples of schoolchildren aged 14-17 since 1989 (total--2,569). METHODS: Body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m2), blood pressure was double measured with Korotkov's method, and serum total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were estimated with enzymatic methods. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated with Friedwald's formula. Self-report of smoking (1 cig/week and more) and physical inactivity (2 h/week and less) was obtained. Diet was estimated using 24-hour dietary recall. RESULTS: Prevalence of high TC, high LDL-C and low HDL-C significantly decreased in both gender groups. Prevalence of arterial hypertension also decreased in boys and girls. Frequency of overweight decreased more in girls. Trends in diet showed significant decreasing of total energy and basic nutrient intakes. Cigarette smoking rate decreased in boys and increased in girls. Physical inactivity rate was high in boys and girls. CONCLUSION: Obtained data indicate similar trends to reduction in classical CVD risk factors, energy intake and life style changes among Siberian adolescents during the period of socioeconomic reforms in Russia.

[Secular trends in blood lipid disorders among adolescents: population study in Novosibirsk (1989-2003)].

UNLABELLED: Hyperlipidemia is a known risk factor of coronary artery disease. The reduction of elevated serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in childhood may reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Aim of the study was to assess prevalence and trends in lipid profile and lipid disorders in adolescent population in Novosibirsk (1989-2003). METHODS: Four cross-sectional surveys of school children aged 14-17 years in 1989 (n=656), in 1994 (n=620), in 1999 (n=626) and in 2003 (n=667) were carried out. Total sample was 2569 (1214 males and 1355 females). Blood total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) were measured by enzymatic methods. LDL-C was calculated with Friedwald's formula. Associations of blood lipids with age, sex, year of study, body mass index (kg/m2), blood pressure and main nutrients of diet were measured by GLM method. Prevalence of dyslipidemia was evaluated with NCEP-peds criteria. Diet was estimated using 24-hour dietary recall. RESULTS: During the 15-year period (1989-2003) mean serum TC decreased from 175 to 162 mg/dl in males and from 191 to 175 mg/dl in females (p < 0.001). Average levels of LDL-C also fell significantly during this period, but no changes in HDL-C levels were found. Females had significantly higher mean TC and LDL-C than did males at all surveys (p < 0.001). According to NCFP-peds criteria prevalence of high TC (200 mg/dl und more) during the period (1989-2003) significantly decreased from 22% to 8% (p < 0.01) in males and from 32% to 17% (p < 0.05) in females. Frequencies of low HDL-C (< 40 mg/dl) also decreased in boys and girls (p < 0.05 for both gender groups). Significant regression coefficients for TC controlled by age, sex and year of study were revealed with body mass index, diastolic blood pressure and triceps skinfolds. Trends in diet during the period showed significant decrease of total energy and basic nutrient intakes (proteins, fats and carbohydrates). CONCLUSION: During the period of socioeconomic reforms in Russia (1989-2003) the lipid profile and prevalence of atherogenic dislipidemias in adolescents of Novosibirsk significantly changed following the changes of body mass index and diet.