Prevalence of Advanced Parkinson's Disease in Patients Treated in the Hospitals of the Spanish National Healthcare System: The PARADISE Study.

BACKGROUND: Advanced Parkinson's disease (APD) has been recently defined as a stage in which certain symptoms and complications are present, with a detrimental influence on the overall patient's health conditions and with a poor response to conventional treatments. However, historically, the term APD has been controversial, thus consequently, APD prevalence has not been previously studied. OBJECTIVES: The main objective was to determine the prevalence of APD in patients diagnosed with idiopathic PD in hospitals of the Spanish National Healthcare System. Secondary objectives were the prevalence and incidence of PD and the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and quality of life of patients with APD or non-APD. METHODS: This was a non-interventional, cross-sectional, multicenter, national study in the hospital setting. RESULTS: The study population included 929 patients with PD (mean age 71.8 ± 10.1 years; 53.8% male) and a mean time since diagnosis of 6.6 ± 5.4 years. At the time of diagnosis, 613 patients (66.06%) reported having had premotor symptoms. The Hoehn and Yahr stage was 1 in 15.7% of the patients, 2 in 42.8%, 3 in 30.1%, 4 in 9.9%, and 5 in 1.4%; 46.9% of the patients had comorbidities (mean age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index 3.5 ± 1.7; median 10-year survival 77%) and the mean 8-item Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire was 27.8 ± 20.5. We found an APD prevalence of 38.21% (95%CI: 35.08-41.42%), a PD prevalence of 118.4 (95%CI: 117.3-119.6), and a PD incidence of 9.4 (95%CI: 5.42-13.4) all per 100,000 population. Among the APD population, a 15.2% were receiving some form of therapy for advanced stages of the disease (deep brain stimulation, levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel, or apomorphine subcutaneous infusion). CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of patients with APD in the hospitals of the Spanish National Healthcare System was 38.2%.

Disminución de uso de antidiabéticos en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 y obesidad sometidos a cirugía bariátrica / Decrease in the use of antidiabetic drugs in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity undergoing bariatric surgery

INTRODUCCIÓN. La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 se caracteriza por la resistencia a la insulina en los tejidos periféricos. La pérdida de peso posterior a la cirugía bariátrica disminuye la resis-tencia a esta. OBJETIVO. Evidenciar el menor uso de hipoglucemiantes a mediano plazo en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y obesidad del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos An-drade Marín sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo transversal, se analizaron 250 Historias Clínicas de pacientes obesos sometidos a cirugía ba-riátrica con una muestra de 88, que fueron diabéticos valorados en el hospital entre junio 2016 a diciembre 2017. Se evaluó las dosis de metformina, insulina y el resultado de hemoglobina glicosilada previas a la cirugía. Se las comparó a los 6 y 12 meses posteriores. RESULTADOS. La metformina preoperatoria tuvo una dosis media diaria de 1 641,76 gramos con disminución a los 6 meses postquirúrgicos de 261,65 gramos (85%) y a los 12 meses de 182,39 gramos (89%) con un valor de p <0,04 y p <0,05 respectivamente. Para la insulina existió una media diaria de 12,41 UI preoperatoria, a los 6 meses postquirúrgicos una media de 3,14 UI (75%) y a los 12 meses de 1,64 UI (87%) con un valor de p de 0,53 significativamente positiva. La hemoglobina glicosilada media inicial fue de 7,39%, a los 6 meses postquirúrgicos de 6,01% y a los 12 meses de 5,82% con una p=0,000. CONCLUSIÓN. Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y obesidad, sometidos a cirugía bariátrica disminuyeron la dosis de medicación hipoglucemiante y se mantuvo su tendencia hasta el año de valoración, en relación a la pérdi-da de peso e índice de masa corporal.

INTRODUCTION. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Weight loss after bariatric surgery decreases the resistance to it. OBJECTIVE. Evidence of the lower use of hypoglycemic drugs in the medium term in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and obesity evidence of the lower use at Carlos Andrade Marín Specialty Hospital undergoing bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cross-sectional descriptive study, 250 Clinical Stories of Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery were analyzed with a sample of 88, who were diabetic valued in the hospital between june 2016 and december 2017. Doses of metformin, insulin and the result of glycosylated hemoglobin before surgery were evaluated. They were compared at 6 and 12 months later.RESULTS. Preoperative metformin had an average daily dose of 1 641,76 grams with a decrease over 6 months after surgery of 261,65 grams (85%) and at 12 of 182,39 grams (89%) with a value of p <0,04 and p<0,05 respectively. For insulin there was a daily average of 12,41 IU preoperative, at 6 months post-surgical had a mean of 3,14 IU (75%) and at 12 from 1,64 IU (87%) with a significantly positive p-value of 0,53. The initial mean glycosylated hemoglobin was 7,39%, and at 6 post-surgical months 6,01% and at 12 months of 5,82% with a p=0,000. CONCLUSION. Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and obesity, undergoing bariatric surgery, decreased the dose of hypoglycemic medication and maintained their tendency until the year of assessment, in relation to weight loss and body mass index.

Cirugía de revisión post sleeve gástrico en el Sistema Da Vinci / Revised post-sleeve gastric surgery using the Da Vinci System

Introducción. La manga gástrica laparoscópica (SG) se ha establecido como el procedimiento bariátrico más común realizado debido a su efectividad para la pérdida de peso y la resolución de otras comorbilidades relacionadas con la obesidad. Todas sus ventajas deben ser preservadas a través del correcto manejo de sus complicaciones más comunes como el reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE). Objetivo. Reportar los resultados de la conversión de SG a bypass gástrico (RYGB) para el control de ERGE postoperatorio. Material y Métodos. Se analizó retrospectivamente los datos de todos los pacientes que se sometieron a la cirugía de conversión de SG a RYBG a través del sistema Da Vinci como indicación para el manejo de ERGE, en el periodo de mayo de 2016 a marzo de 2018 en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín (Quito, Ecuador) y para ello se recurrió al sistema informático MIS/AS400 y a controles multimodales postquirúrgicos. Resultados. De los 243 pacientes sometidos a gastrectomía vertical, 35 (14.4%) presentaron complicaciones tardías de reflujo gastroesofágico. Esta serie incluyó 22 (62,9%) mujeres y 13 (37,1%) hombres. Trece (37,1%) pacientes tuvieron esofagitis grado B, 17 (48,6%) grado C y 5 (14,3%) grado D. Un total de 17 (6,9%) pacientes necesitaron cirugía de conversión y su evolución fue seguida durante tres meses; no hubo complicaciones ni mortalidad y todos experimentaron remisión del ERGE. Conclusiones. La conversión laparoscópica de SG a RYGB es un procedimiento efectivo para el control y manejo postoperatorio de ERGE. Parece ser una alternativa segura para el tratamiento de ERGE y la mejora de otras comorbilidades asociadas. Es evidente que las indicaciones por las que estos procedimientos son iniciados son cruciales para evitar riesgos quirúrgicos innecesarios y obtener buenos resultados.

Introduction. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure. We analyzed obesity-related comorbidities, such as GERD, based on the amount of weight loss achieved. Objective. We discuss the outcome of laparoscopic conversion from SG to Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass after GERD onset. Material and Methods. Data from all patients who underwent laparoscopic conversion from SG to RYGB for GERD management between May-March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed at Carlos Andrade Marin Specialties Hospital (Quito, Ecuador) via the MIS/AS400 system and multimodal post-surgical controls. Results. Of 243 patients who underwent SG, 35 (14,4%) had postoperative GERD complications and only 17 (6,9%) qualified for laparoscopic conversion; the series included 22 (62,9%) females and 13 (37.1%) males. A total of 13 (37,1%) patients had grade B esophagitis, 17 (48,6%) grade C and 5 (14,3%) grade D. The remission rate for GERD was 100 %. Postoperative complication rate was 0 %, and mean length of follow-up was three months after conversion. No patients died in this series. Conclusions. Laparoscopic conversion of SG to RYGB is an effective procedure for management of postoperative GERD. It is a safe alternative for treating GERD and improving other comorbidities. It is evident that the indications by which these procedures are initiated are crucial to avoid unnecessary surgical risks and obtain good outcomes.

Prevalence and factors associated with liver steatosis as measured by transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter in HIV-infected patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with significant hepatic steatosis (SHS, steatosis involving ≥10% hepatocytes) in HIV-infected patients. DESIGN: A prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Five hundred and five HIV-infected patients were included in this study. All patients underwent a transient elastography examination with the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). SHS was defined using the previously identified CAP cut-off of 238 dB/m. We analysed the associations between SHS and demographics, metabolic data, coinfections and drug therapy. RESULTS: SHS was detected in 201 (40%) patients. Individuals with and without plasma HIV RNA of 50 copies/ml or less presented SHS in 168 (42%) and 33 (31%) cases, respectively (P = 0.030). Patients with SHS compared with those without SHS presented higher median (IQR) BMI [BMI, 25.6 (22.5-28) vs. 22.3 (20.3-24.2) kg/m; P < 10], DBP [79 (72-85) vs. 74 (68-81) mmHg; P = 0.0001], fasting plasma glucose [95 (87-106) vs. 91 (84-97) mg/dl; P = 0.002] and triglycerides [128 (92-189) vs. 109 (80-167) mg/dl; P = 0.002], and lower HDL cholesterol [44 (37-54) vs. 48 (40-59), mg/dl; P = 0.004]. In multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with SHS was BMI [per unit increase, adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.34 (1.22-1-47); P < 10]. CONCLUSION: SHS measured by CAP is highly prevalent among HIV-infected patients. High BMI is the main predictor of SHS in this setting.

Prevalence of depressive and other central nervous system symptoms in HIV-infected patients treated with HAART in Spain.

This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive complaints in patients with HIV receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Participants completed the "Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale" (CES-D) and a questionnaire on sleep disturbances and subjective cognitive complaints. Mean age of the 799 participants was 43.7 years and 67% were men. Adjusted prevalence of CES-D was 35.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.0-38.7), with no significant differences between gender and age groups. Sleep disturbances were more prevalent in older versus younger participants (74.0% [95% CI: 70.4-77.7] versus 63.3% [95% CI: 56.8-69.8]). Cognitive complaints were more prevalent in women (52.3% [95% CI: 46.4-58.2]) when compared with men (48.2% [95% CI: 44.7-51.6]). Hepatitis C virus coinfection was a strong predictor of depressive symptoms. Male gender and detectable viral load were independent risk factors for sleep disturbance. A higher CES-D score was an independent risk factor for sleep disturbance and cognitive complaints.

Prevalence and impact of body physical changes in HIV patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: results from a study on patient and physician perceptions.

Patients infected with HIV treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) frequently develop body physical changes (BPC) that have an important psychosocial burden. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of BPC observed by HIV-infected patients and their attending physicians and to assess the impact BPC had on daily life. In this epidemiologic multicenter study, patients with HIV infection and their treating physicians filled out parallel questionnaires about their perceptions of specific BPC and their impact on daily activities. A total of 965 patient-physician questionnaires were collected across 98 health centers. Patient's mean age was 43.7 +/- 8.5 years and 72.6% were men. Adjusted prevalence of perceived BPC by patients and physicians was 55.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.0-58.1) and 55.2% (95% CI: 52.1-58.2), respectively (p = 1.000). Overall patient-physician agreement concerning perception of BPC was 83% (p < 0.0005). The most common BPC was lipoatrophy, described by 46.8% (95% CI: 43.7-49.8) of patients and 49.4% (95% CI: 46.3-52.5) of physicians (p = 0.033) followed by lipohypertrophy. No gender differences were observed in the global prevalence of BPC (p = 0.649). However, significantly more women reported lipoatrophy of the lower limbs (p = 0.009) and buttocks (p = 0.007), as well as lipohypertrophy (p = 0.007), than men; 58.2% (95% CI: 54.0-62.4) patients noted that BPC negatively affected their daily activities. This study reflects the high prevalence of patient and physician-perceived BPC in the HIV population, and the adverse impact on daily life. Physicians should be aware of the psychosocial consequences of BPC in HIV patients in order to improve patient well-being.