[The immunological activity of Neisseria meningitidis lipo-oligosaccharide incorporated into liposomes]. / Immunologicheskaia aktivnost' lipooligosakharida Neisseria meningitidis, vkliuchennogo v liposomy.

Immune response to lipooligosaccharide (LOS), isolated from group B N. meningitidis cell wall, was studied after its incorporation into liposomes. The adjuvant effect produced by liposomal LOS, more pronounced in comparison with that produced by native LOS, was observed after the injection of the preparation by different routes (intravenous, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections), but the highest level of response was achieved after the intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of the preparation. Experiments aimed at the study of the dynamics of plaque-forming cells and the level of antibodies after intraperitoneal immunization of CBA mice with LOS revealed that immune response to liposomal LOS was more intense and prolonged than that to the free antigen. Liposomal LOS induced genetically nonrestricted and T-independent immune response. This fact was confirmed in experiments on mice having different haplotypes, such as CBA (k), C57BL/6 (b), BALB/c (d) and in nude mice with congenital thymic aplasia. In addition, liposomal LOS induced mainly the accumulation of IgM and IgG and did not produce the effect of immunological memory.

[Autologous liposomes]. / Autologichnye liposomy.

A possibility to increase liposomal tropism to different organs by obtaining them from target lipid cells is considered. The interaction of liposomes of varying phospholipid and ganglioside composition with hepatic cells of rats was studied in vitro. It was found that this interaction was governed both by the phospholipid and ganglioside composition of the vesicles. Liposomes formed of phospholipids and gangliosides of target cells were captured better by the cells. Liposomes formed by summary hepatic phospholipids and gangliosides were shown to be eliminated more rapidly from the flow and to accumulate in the liver of the rats. This suggests that liposomal affinity for specific organs may be increased by changing the content and proportion of lipids in the liposomes to attain the maximal similarity to the composition of the target cell membranes.

[Protective action of liposome-incorporated surface antigens of the influenza virus by different methods of immunization]. / Protektivnoe deistvie vkliuchennykh v liposomy poverkhnostnykh antigenov virusa grippa pri razlichnykh sposobakh immunizatsii.

The influence of different routes of immunization on the protective effect of liposome-incorporated influenza A/PR/8/34 virus surface antigens was studied. Influenza virus surface antigens, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin, incorporated into liposomes, were shown to have a significant protective effect upon intraperitoneal and intranasal administration against a lethal dose of influenza virus as compared with immunization using a free antigen solution against the same infection. The protective effect is poor in intravenous immunization with influenza virus antigen-containing liposomes. It is concluded that combining of influenza virus antigens with liposomes may be used for preparation of new influenza vaccines.

[Effect of rat liver gangliosides on the interaction of liposomes with rat hepatocytes in vitro]. / Vliianie gangliozidov pecheni krys na vzaimodeistvie liposom s gepatotsitami krys in vitro.

The influence of rat liver GM1, GM2, GD1 and GT1 gangliosides on the interaction of liposomes with rat hepatocytes was investigated. It was shown that liposomes coated with GM1 and GT1 are effectively bound and captured by hepatocytes. Preincubation of hepatocytes with N-acetylglucosamine and D-galactose reduced the binding of GM1- and GT1-liposomes by those cells. The data obtained suggest that there are binding sites for some gangliosides on the surface of rat hepatocytes.

[Effect of the lipid composition of liposomes on their clearance from the circulation and accumulation in the liver of mice]. / Vliianie lipidnogo sostava liposom na ikh vydelenie iz krovotoka i nakoplenie v pecheni myshei.

The effect of phospholipid and ganglioside liposome composition on the liposome clearance from the circulation and accumulation in the mouse liver has been studied. It has been shown that liposomes constituting of liver lipids are quicker removed from the circulation and accumulated in the liver. Liver gangliosides increased liposome uptake by the mouse liver and their clearance from the circulation.

[Lipid composition of immunocompetent organs of tumor-bearing rats]. / Lipidnyi sostav immunokompetentnykh organov krys-opukholrnositelei.

A comparative study of phospholipid composition of thymus, spleen, bone marrow, liver and peritoneal exudate with sarcoma 45-bearing and normal rats was carried out. It was found that substantial changes in total phospholipid and cholesterol contents are observed only in peritoneal exudate of tumour-bearing animals. Some alterations were revealed in the content of individual fractions of investigated organs. The most pronounced changes in the contents of individual phospholipid fractions were found in peritoneal exudates of rats with sarcoma 45.

[Interaction of liposomes with a varying lipid composition with hepatocytes in vitro]. / Vzaimodeistvie liposom s razlichnym lipidnym sostavom s kletkami gepatotsitov in vitro.

Interaction of liposomes from egg lecithin, phospholipids and gangliosides of rat liver with rat hepatocyte monolayers was investigated. It was shown that liposomes from phospho- and glycolipids of the liver were bound by rat hepatocytes to a far greater degree than lecithin liposomes. Liver gangliosides increased active endocytosis of liposomes by hepatocytes. Preincubation of hepatocytes with gangliosides reduced the binding of phosphoglycolipid liposomes by those cells.

[Changes in the ganglioside composition of various rat organs under the action of thyroid hormones]. / Izmenenie gangliozidnogo sostava razlichnykh organov krys pod deistviem tireoidnykh gormonov.

The ganglioside content in various organs of the rat were studied under normal conditions and under deficiency of thyroid hormones. The minimal ganglioside content was observed in skeletal muscles, the maximal one--in the brain. Using thin-layer chromatography, it was demonstrated that these organs possess a complex ganglioside composition which differs both qualitatively and quantitatively. Under thyroid hormone excess, the total ganglioside content shows a tendency to increase, while under hormone deficiency--to decrease. The nature of changes in individual ganglioside fractions in various tissues depends on the thyroid hormone content in the organism.

[Functional role of parvalbumins in regulating Ca2+ in the contraction--relaxation cycle of vertebrate skeletal muscles]. / K voprosu o funktsional'noi roli parval'buminov v reguliatsii Ca2+ v tsikle sokrashchenie--rasslablenie v skeletnykh myshtsakh pozvonochnykh.

On the basis of parvalbumin property to change Ca2+-binding constant within the pH-region from approxim-tely 7 to approximately 8 a hypothesis that parvalbumins are pH-regulated Ca2+-depot in muscles has been stated. The addition of parvalbumin to native actomysin complex at pH approximately 7 in the presence of ATP and Ca2+ results in partial inhibition of its superprecipitation. The change of pH up to approximately 8 leads to the restoration of actomyosin superprecipitation.

The fine structure of luminescence spectra of azurin.

The spectra of azurin absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence and fluorescence excitation have been measured in aqueous solutions at ordinary and liquid nitrogen temperatures. The fluorescence spectra of azurin even at ordinary temperatures have a well resolved fine vibrational structure. The frequency analysis reveals practically the same wave number distances between the main structure peaks in fluorescence spectra at room and low temperatures and in phosphorescence spectra. The comparison of the protein absorption and excitation spectra shows that all the energy absorbed by tyrosine residues is transferred onto indole chromophore. These data suggest an unusual tryptophan environment in this protein, which is characterized by the absence of any hydrogen bonding or other polar interaction of tryptophan with its environment. The problem of the possibility of contributions of two electronic transitions (1La in equilibrium A and 1Lb in equilibrium A) in absorption and emission spectra of azurin tryptophan arising from their mirror symmetry is discussed.