[Radiologic evaluation of parietal infiltration of bladder cancer (integrated imaging: US, TC, RM) and comparison with transurethral resection (TUR)]. / Valutazione radiologica dell'infiltrazione parietale nel carcinoma della vescica (imaging integrato: US, TC, RM) e valutazione in confronto con la resezione transuretrale (TUR).

In this work we checked the reliability of Ultrasounds (US), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the staging of parietal infiltration of bladder carcinoma. We studied 49 patients with documented bladder carcinoma. All patients underwent CT examination, 43 patients to MR examination and 40 patients to US examination. Between the patients who underwent US examination, 35 out of them had a sovra-pubic Ecography, 27 patients a trans-rectal Ecography and in 30 patients a trans-uretral Ecography was performed. After radiologic examination, all patients underwent a deep fractionated trans-uretral resection of the neoplastic mass (TUR) for the tumor staging. The results of the computed images and US examinations were then compared with the TUR staging. Among the group of patients studied with US, the agreement between imaging and TUR staging was respectively of 51% for the sovra-pubic study, 44.5% for the trans-rectal study and 56.7% for the trans-uretral study. The agreement was of 55% with the CT studies and 45.7% with the MRI. The sovra-pubic US studies showed a good correlation in the evaluation of superficial lesions (Tis-T1 stadied on TUR), if compared to the CT and MRI studies; moreover US is certainly more suitable because of its lower price and discomfort for the patient. On the contrary patients with a documented stage > T1 need a CT and MRI study for the correct staging. MRI has shown to be more sensitive in selected cases with localization of tumor on the top of the bladder roof, on its floor or in the follow-up after TUR. CT scan showed a better reliability in the staging of superficial lesions (Tis-T1 stages). On the contrary MRI has shown to be more sensitive in distinguishing superficial lesions (T1-T2 stages) from deeper lesions with muscles infiltration (T3a stage) on the basis of the loss of the parietal hypointense line on the T2 weighted images. Tumors with a grade T3b or more are well studied in both CT scan and MRI, which allow to get more useful information than US about the lynphoglandular involvement.

DNA markers in diagnosis of adult dominant polycystic kidney disease.

We report the results of a biological and molecular study carried out on 11 Italian families, with a total of 111 individuals in which adult dominant polycystic kidney disease segregates. A restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed. Two families have shown a genetic heterogeneity even if not phenotypically different from the other ones: they resulted unlinked to 16p markers. A prenatal diagnosis has been performed in a family of the linked type.

[Tuberculous inflammation of the testicle: characteristic echographic picture]. / Le flogosi tubercolari del testicolo: quadri caratteristici in ecografia.

During the last 3 years (1987/1990) the authors have performed 562 ultrasound studies of the scrotum in patients ranging 6 months to 76 years of age. All patients were referred with a non-specific clinical suspicion of scrotal pathologies. Only 214/562 patients presenting with signs and symptoms of scrotal inflammation were considered for this study. Among this group of 214 patients, 34 cases of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis were identified. The remaining 180 patients were classified as follows: non-specific inflammation 141, other non inflammatory pathology 39. In the group with findings of tuberculosis, all stages of disease were identified, including miliary forms as well as nodular forms. The patients were closely followed during medical therapy or until surgery was performed to study the course of the disease. For each form of disease specific US findings and differential diagnostic criteria were recognized and will be illustrated in this paper. All diagnosis of tuberculosis were confirmed either at surgery or on the basis of successful response to specific chemotherapy. US diagnosis based on the morphologic and echo texture criteria allowed high diagnostic accuracy: in fact in the whole group of 214 patients with inflammatory disease there were only 1 false positive and 1 false negative diagnoses with a sensitivity of 96.9%, a specificity of 89.9% and a diagnostic accuracy of 98.85%. The paper also stresses the importance of US in the short- and long-term follow-up of the patients undergoing medical therapy.

[Gingival hypertrophy induced by cyclosporin A in heart transplant patients]. / Ipertrofia gengivale da ciclosporina-A in pazienti cardiotrapiantati.

The clinical and histological aspects of gingival hypertrophy due to cyclosporine-A in 10 heart-transplanted patients are studied. The behaviour to avoid or to limit gingival overgrowth is suggested.

[Role of ultrasonic tomography in the diagnosis of prostatic cysts. Our experience in l3 cases]. / Il ruolo dell'ecotomografia nella diagnosi delle cisti prostatiche. Nostra esperienza in 13 casi.

Authors describe the radiological and echographic methods of investigation of cystic structures in the prostate, remarking the great importance of echotomography. They relate upon their experience in 13 cases of prostatic cyst, a pathological condition which is still poorly known.