Estudio multicéntrico nacional sobre la infección nosocomial en la UCIP / A national multicentre study on nosocomial infections in PICU

INTRODUCCIÓN: La infección nosocomial (IN) es un problema frecuente en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricas (UCIP), con una mortalidad atribuible hasta del 11%.ObjetivoDescribir la epidemiología de la IN en las UCIP españolas. Iniciar una estrategia estandarizada de control de la IN para disponer de tasas de incidencia pediátricas en nuestro medio. Pacientes y método: Estudio multicéntrico y prospectivo del 1 al 31 de marzo de 2007. Se utilizaron los criterios diagnósticos y la metodología de cálculo de incidencia de IN del Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Se estudió especialmente la IN relacionada con dispositivos invasivos: catéter venoso central (CVC), ventilación mecánica (VM), sondaje vesical (SV). RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 300 pacientes en 6 UCIP, diagnosticándose 17 episodios en 16 pacientes (5,3% de los ingresados). La tasa de IN fue de 13,8 infecciones/1.000 pacientes-día. La edad media de los infectados fue de 2,31 años (± 3,43), 9 fueron varones. Existieron factores de riesgo en 7 casos. Las localizaciones fueron: bacteriemia relacionada con catéter en 7 pacientes (6,7/1000 días CVC), neumonía asociada a VM en 4 (9,4/1.000 días VM), infección urinaria asociada a SV en 4 (5,5/1000 días SV), un caso de bacteriemia primaria y una infección de herida quirúrgica. Los microorganismos aislados fueron: 9 bacilos gramnegativos, 4 Candidas, 2 estafilococos plasmocoagulasa negativos, 1 Haemophilus y 1 Staphylococcus aureus. Siete aislamientos fueron de microorganismos resistentes. No hubo ningún exitus atribuible a la IN. CONCLUSIONES: La epidemiología de la IN fue similar a la publicada en otros países de nuestro entorno. La vigilancia de la IN es esencial para un correcto manejo y para ello es fundamental tener un patrón de análisis y referencia común

INTRODUCTION: Nosocomial infection (NI) is a common complication in paediatric critical care units (PICU), with an associated mortality up to 11%.OBJECTIVE: To describe NI epidemiology in the national PICU. To initiate an standard NI control measures to obtain paediatric incidence rates. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Multicentre prospective study from 1 to 31 march 2007. Centre Disease Control diagnosis and methodological criteria were used. It was specially analyzed NI related to invasive devices: central venous catheter (CVC), mechanical ventilation (MV), urinary catheter (UC). RESULTS: There were recruited 300 patients from 6 PICU, with 17 NI episodes in 16 patients (5,3% from admitted). NI rates resulted in 13,8 infections/1000 patients-day. Middle age from infected patients was 2,31 years (±3,43), 9 males. Risk factors were found in 7 cases. NI location was: catheter-related bloodstream infection in 7 patients (6,7/1000 days CVC), ventilator associated pneumonia in 4 (9,4/1000 MV days), urinary-tract infection associated with UC in4 (5,5/1000 UC days), one case of primary bloodstream infection and one surgical site infection. Isolated microorganisms were: 9 gram negatives bacillus, 4 Candida, 2 plasmocoagulase negative staphylococcus, 1 Haemophilus and 1 Staphylococcus aureus. Seven isolations were resistant microorganisms. There weren't any died related to NI. CONCLUSIONS: NI epidemiology was similar to published data in our near countries. NI surveillance, with a standardized method of analysis is essential to the NI correct manage

[Continuous veno-venous renal replacement therapies in critically ill neonates and children]. / Técnicas de depuración extrarrenal continua venovenosa en neonatos y niños críticamente enfermos.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of continuous veno-venous renal replacement therapies in neonates and children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 10 episodes of acute renal failure in 9 patients, between 7 days and 2 years of age and weighing between 2.9 and 13 kg, treated with continuous veno-venous renal replacement therapies (hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration) by using a BSM-32-IC (Hospal) monitor and two types of hemofilters, Miniflow of 0.04 m2 (Hospal) and FH22 of 0.2 m2 (Gambro). RESULTS: We used a blood flow between 15 and 40 ml/min and obtained an ultrafiltration rate of 190 +/- 61 ml/hour. The mean life of the hemofilters was 16 +/- 14 hours, with the duration of the technique between 5 and 58 hours. In three episodes the technique was ended because of normalization of renal function. All patients tolerated continuous renal replacement therapies without important secondary effects (one patient had moderate ischemia of the leg because of erroneous arterial catheterization, 3 patients had electrolyte alterations. 1 patient had hypothermia and 5 patients needed platelet transfusions). Seven patients died because of shock and multiple organ failure which was not related to the technique. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous veno-venous renal replacement therapies are useful in the treatment of critically ill children. Veno-venous techniques can be used in term neonate and infants.