[Effectiveness of the oral administration of tomicide in experimental infection]. / Otsenka éffectivnosti énteral'nogo primeneniia "tomitsida" pri éksperimental'noi infektsii.

Experimental data on the oral administration of Tomicid using different schemes for the protection of white mice from staphylococcal infection are presented. The use of Tomicid, administered in the maximum dose admissible for mice, ensured the protection of up to 2/3 of the total number of mice. A single oral administration of the preparation immediately after infection protected 1/3 of the survived mice from local staphylococcal infection. Good prospects of using Tomicid for the prevention of catarrhal diseases in guinea pigs were established.

[Cultivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in media with chlorella fermentative hydrolysate as nutrient base]. / Kul'tivirovanie Pseudomonas aeruginosa na sredakh s ispol'zovaniem fermentativnogo gidrolizata khlorelly v kachestve pitatel'noi osnovy.

The specific features of the growth of P. aeruginosa in media prepared with the use of Chlorella fermentative hydrolysate as nutrient basis were studied. The accumulation of microbial biomass was shown to depend on increased content of amino nitrogen in the media, while the effectiveness of the pyocyanin formation was linked with decreased content of amino nitrogen and a rise in the amount of sodium chloride.

[The action of tomicide on macromolecular synthesis in bacterial cells]. / Deistvie tomitsida na sintez makromolekul v bakterial'nykh kletkakh.

The study of the rate of incorporation of labeled precursors for nucleic acids and protein into Staphylococcus aureus 209 P cell fraction, insoluble in trichloroacetic acid, has revealed that in the presence of tomicide in the medium in a dose of 1 MCI (600 micrograms/ml) the synthesis of DNA in inhibited rapidly and almost completely (by 90%). The inhibition of the rate of incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the cells of staphylococcal culture by tomicide directly correlates with the concentration of the preparation within the range 100-600 micrograms/ml, the inhibition of the synthesis of RNA and protein being less pronounced than the inhibition of the synthesis of DNA.

[Tomicide adsorption on bacterial cells]. / Adsorbtsiia tomitsida na bakterial'nykh kletkakh.

The capacity of the bacteriocin-like factor of tomicid being adsorbed on microbial cells, depending on the sensitivity of test microorganisms to the preparation, its form and concentration, the duration of the contact of microbial cells with tomicid, the temperature and pH of the incubation medium, was studied. The bacteriocin-like factor of tomicid was found to be capable of nonspecific sorption on microbial cells (in an amount of 64-128 units per mg of dried cell mass). The decrease of the temperature of the incubation medium to 0 degrees C and its pH to 4.8 and 5.4 inhibited the process of binding this bacteriocin-like factor by microbial cells. The presence of the substance with lysozyme properties in the preparation influenced the process of the adsorption of the main antibacterial component on microbial cells sensitive to lysozyme.

[Experimental study of the immunostimulating properties of tomitsid]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie immunostimuliruiushchikh svoistv tomitsida.

Tomicide, a preparation with antibacterial properties, accumulates in the culture medium during the growth of one of streptococcal strains. The injection of the preparation into mice simultaneously with the antigen (sheep red blood cells) produces an adjuvant effect. Tomicide has been found capable of inducing the production of interferon detected in the serum of the animals. During experimental stress created by intensive exercise tomicide prevented a decrease in the normal (anamnestic) level of antibodies, produced an immunostimulating effect and, at the same time, enhanced the total physical endurance of the animals, manifested by an increased duration of swimming.

[Action of thomicide on bacterial cells. The membranotropic activity of thomicide]. / Izuchenie deistviia tomitsida na bakterial'nye kletki. Membranotropnaia aktivnost' tomitsida.

It was shown that a combined drug thomicide impaired permeability of cell membranes in Micrococcus luteus 2665 and Staphylococcus aureus 209P inducing production of substances with the absorption maxima at 260 nm. Active lysis of the M. luteus 2665 protoplasts under the action of thomicide used in a dose of at least 60 micrograms per 1 mg of the protoplast proteins was observed. Thomicide inhibited oxidation of the substrates by intact cells of the staphylococci and micrococci. Respiration of the micrococcal protoplasts was inhibited by thomicide in concentrations inducing lysis of the protoplasts. Impairment of function and the state of the membranes of the bacterial cells (production of compounds with the absorption maxima at 260 nm, protoplast lysis and respiration inhibition) was recorded at thomicide concentrations lower than the bactericidal ones. The membranotropic activity of thomicide was associated with thermostable component of the complex.

[Thomicide biosynthesis during the cultivation of Streptococcus sp. strain Thom-1606 on a medium of various carbohydrate concentrations]. / Biosintez tomitsida pri kul'tivirovanii Streptococcus sp. shtamm TOM-1606 na srede s razlichnymi kontsentratsiiami uglerodov.

The influence of different concentrations of carbohydrates on biosynthesis of thomicide, an antibacterial agent was studied. Inhibition of sugar consumption beginning at the calculated concentration of more than 1 per cent was shown. The excess of carbohydrates (not consumed carbohydrates) did not inhibit the culture growth and biosynthesis of thomicide. Sucrose in a concentration of 1 per cent proved to be the most optimal carbohydrate substrate for accumulation and preservation of the thomicide activity. Enrichment of the nutrient medium with carbohydrates in the calculated concentrations of 0.5 to 4 per cent promoted an increase in the cell dry weight accompanied by intensive synthesis of biopolymers.

[Action of tomicide on bacterial cells. The bacteriostatic, bactericidal and bacteriolytic properties of tomicide]. / Izuchenie deistviia tomitsida na bakterial'nye kletki. Bakteriostaticheskie, bakteritsidnye i bakterioliticheskie svoistva tomitsida.

The effect of the minimum bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations of native and concentrated tomicid on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus and Micrococcus was studied. It was shown that the bactericidal effect of tomicid was attained with the use of the doses 2-10 times higher than those required for the bacteriostatic effect. The minimum concentrations of tomicid effective against gram-positive cocci varied within the ranges described for the other biologically active substances of bacterial origin. The dose-dependent lytic effect of tomicid was studied. It was found that for lysis of the cells it was necessary to doses significantly exceeding the bactericidal ones.

[Antifungal and antimicrobial activity of beta-ionone and vitamin A derivatives]. / Antifungal'naia i antimikrobnaia aktivnost' nekotorykh proizvodnykh beta-ionona i vitamina A.

The antifungal and antimicrobic activity of some derivatives of beta-ionon and vitamin A was studied. These compounds (citral, pseudo-ionon. beta-ionon aldehyde C14, ketone C18 and its derivatives--4,18-diketone, alcohol C18, semicarbazide ketone C18), as well as vitamin A and its derivatives--retinal, acetate, retinoic acid--differ in composition, structure and substituents of C-atoms in beta-ionon ring and in polyenoic chain. Fusarium solani, Botrytis cenerea and Verticillum dahliae II, race 447 were used as test organisms when studying the antifungal activity. When studying the antimicrobic activity, ketone C18 and alcohol C18 were tested using the museum strains Staphylococcus aureus 209 P, hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes FF-38, Streptococcus sp. TOM-1606, Micrococcus luteus 2665, as well as the strains Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pyoderma patients. The antifungal activity was determined by inhibition of spore germination, and the antimicrobic activity--by the value of areas of growth inhibition of the test organisms on the agar medium. All the compounds mentioned above possessed the antifungal activity against all the phytopathogenes used. The degree of this activity depends on the composition and structure of both the cyclic part and polyenoic chain. on the number of conjugated unsaturations, substituents and end groups of C-atom. Ketone C18 is the most active one. It inhibits spore germination by 100-94% at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.005% and 24 h exposure, and by 100% at the concentration of 0.1% and 72 h exposure. Alcohol C18 possesses almost the same antifungul activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)