A new fuzzy fractional order model of transmission of Covid-19 with quarantine class.

This paper is devoted to a study of the fuzzy fractional mathematical model reviewing the transmission dynamics of the infectious disease Covid-19. The proposed dynamical model consists of susceptible, exposed, symptomatic, asymptomatic, quarantine, hospitalized, and recovered compartments. In this study, we deal with the fuzzy fractional model defined in Caputo's sense. We show the positivity of state variables that all the state variables that represent different compartments of the model are positive. Using Gronwall inequality, we show that the solution of the model is bounded. Using the notion of the next-generation matrix, we find the basic reproduction number of the model. We demonstrate the local and global stability of the equilibrium point by using the concept of Castillo-Chavez and Lyapunov theory with the Lasalle invariant principle, respectively. We present the results that reveal the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the considered model through the fixed point theorem of Schauder and Banach. Using the fuzzy hybrid Laplace method, we acquire the approximate solution of the proposed model. The results are graphically presented via MATLAB-17.

HLA class II sequence-based typing in normal Saudi individuals.

We have adopted a system that combines low resolution PCR-SSP followed by sequence-based typing (SBT) to analyze HLA-DRB1, -DPB1 and -DQB1 alleles in the Saudi population. The SBT method was used to identify HLA class II alleles in Saudis for the first time. Nineteen HLA-DRB1 alleles in currently recognized subtypes of the DRB locus were detected. DR1 and DR9 were not encountered. SBT did not detect diversity within the DR7 and DR10 alleles. Sixteen HLA-DQB1 and 10 HLA-DPB1 alleles were identified. This study represents the first molecular report on the HLA class II allele frequency in the population of Saudi Arabia.

Polymorphism in apoprotein-CIII gene and coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to look into the association, if any, of apoprotein-CIII variant allele with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease (CHD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The prevalence of a C to G substitution in the 3' untranslated region of apoprotein-CIII was studied in a sample of 92 angiographed Saudi subjects, consisting of 65 males and 27 females. The subjects were genotyped by amplification followed by digestion of the gene fragment containing the polymorphic site with Sac I restriction enzyme. RESULTS: The variant allele of apoprotein-CIII was found to be associated neither with hypertriglyceridemia nor with hypercholesterolemia. However, a significant association of this allele (P<0.01) was found with coronary heart disease, independent of other risk factors such as smoking, diabetes and hypertension. An estimation of odds ratio using logistic regression with various risk factors in the model showed that the individuals with this rare allele were 3.4 times more at risk of developing coronary heart disease. This estimate of risk held even after analyzing a subset of individuals above 45 years of age. CONCLUSION: While the association between apoprotein-CIII variant allele and dyslipidemia could not be established in this study, the relationship between this marker and CHD was highlighted in the studied subjects.

Percutaneous treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm in a swine model: understanding the behavior of aortic aneurysm closure through a serial histopathological analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies used covered stent grafts to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms; however, such devices block flow into aortic side branches. We used uncovered stents with and without additional embolization coils to treat abdominal aortic aneurysm in a swine model and examined serial histological changes in the aneurysms over a 6-month period. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined aneurysms in 9 control and 9 treated pigs (5 received stents alone and 4 received stents and coils). Aneurysms were surgically created with abdominal fascia. Three days later, we percutaneously placed a self-expandable uncovered stent across the aneurysm. Coils were implanted through the stent into the aneurysm lumen. An aortogram immediately after stent placement showed no significant change in aneurysm lumen; however, in pigs that had aortograms between 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment, the diameter decreased (28% to 65%) in 4 of 5 pigs, and 1 had no discernible aneurysm. Three treated pigs died, but only 1 from rupture. In contrast, 7 untreated aneurysms ruptured (2 pigs died of other causes). Histological examination revealed that the aneurysm lumen was reduced after treatment by collagen production. This healing process was accelerated in aneurysms treated with both stents and coils. In contrast, only limited amounts of new collagen were found in untreated, ruptured aneurysms. Instead, the fascia was disrupted and there was evidence of collagen degradation. CONCLUSIONS: We found that uncovered stents reduce the likelihood of aneurysm rupture in a swine model without blocking arterial branches. The presence of coils enhanced filling of the lumen by collagen.

HLA-DR types in rheumatic, congenital and degenerative cardiac valve diseases in Saudi patients.

Subjects of Saudi origin were DNA typed for HLA-DR2, DR4 and DRw53 by amplification fragment-length polymorphism and amplification by sequence-specific primer techniques based on polymerase chain reaction. Of these subjects, 125 had sporadic heart valve disease (96 with rheumatic heart disease, 18 with degenerate and 11 with congenital degenerate valve disease) and 77 were healthy Saudi blood donors. While the frequency of individuals typed DR4 was about the same in the rheumatic heart disease as in the control category (30% versus 23%, respectively), it was found to be higher (55%; P<0.02), but below the level of marginal significance after correcting for the number of DR types, in the congenital degenerate valve category. No preferential association of any DR4 subtype could be detected. The incidence of DR2 was lower in the congenital cases compared to that in the controls (9% versus 21%) and remained about the same in the rheumatic heart disease patients as in the controls. The frequency of DRw53 in the degenerate valve categories was slightly lower than that in the controls, but the difference was not significant. The study failed to corroborate the association between HLA-DR4 and rheumatic heart disease shown in previous studies using the serotyping approach.

Percutaneous retrieval of a broken umbilical catheter from left atrium in a premature newborn.

A 30-week gestational age baby boy weighing 1,117 g born with cesarian section had a broken umbilical vein catheter lodged in the left superior pulmonary vein. We successfully retrieved the foreign body by percutaneous approach using a pigtail catheter and a snare wire under portable fluoroscopy.

Apoliprotein B polymorphism: Application to monitoring early bone marrow transplantation in Saudi population.

Seventy-three unrelated Saudi individuals and seven consecutive bone marrow transplant donor-recipient pairs were studied to characterize and determine the frequency of 3' apolipoprotein B alleles by polymerase chain reaction. The samples analyzed were either peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirates. Eleven different alleles were detected. The index of heterozygosity was 0.66. Apolipoprotein B analysis was informative in 57% of the studied donor-recipient pairs. Engraftment was detected as early as day three post-transplantation. The threshold of detection of this allele was up to 0.01x106/ml. Mixed chimerism of the order of 1% could be detected. We concluded that apolipoprotein B is a highly polymorphic allele among the Saudi population and this makes the region a useful marker for monitoring engraftment following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Determination of haemophilia A carrier status from hair samples using polymerase chain reaction technique.

The usefulness of intragenic restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for BclI, HindIII and XbaI, adapted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was tested for the detection of haemophilia A carrier status in the consultant of a family in which only haematological information was available on the inheritance of the trait. Hair follicles were used as the non-invasive source of DNA. The mother was found to be homozygous for BclI and heterozygous for HindIII sites, whereas her status as regards informativeness could not be established for XbaI. On the basis of HindIII RFLP, the daughter was found to be a carrier of the haemophilia trait. This was confirmed by sequencing the amplified intron 19 of the mother and the daughter. The RFLP for XbaI did not appear to be suitable for carrier detection using PCR due to the difficulty of establishing homozygosity or heterozygosity from the results of digestion of the amplified product.