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1.
Lancet Reg Health Eur ; 25: 100562, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36545003

RESUMO

Background: The diagnosis of a severe physical health condition can cause psychological distress and lead to severe depression. The association between severe physical health conditions and the risk of suicide, and how the risk of suicide changes in the months following diagnosis, are not clear. Methods: We estimated whether a diagnosis of severe physical health conditions is associated with an increase in the risk of death by suicide using a dataset based on the 2011 Census linked to hospital records and death registration records covering 47,354,696 people alive on 1 January 2017 in England. Patients diagnosed with a low-survival cancer, chronic ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or degenerative neurological condition were matched to individuals using socio-demographic characteristics from the Census. Using the Aalen-Johansen estimator, we estimated the cumulative incidence of death by suicide occurring between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2021 (registered by 31 December 2021) in patients and matched controls, adjusted for other potential confounders using inverse probability weighting. Findings: Diagnosis of severe conditions was associated with an increased risk of dying by suicide. One year after diagnosis, the rate of suicide was 21.6 (95% confidence intervals: 14.9-28.4, number of events (N): 39) per 100,000 low-survival cancer patients compared to 9.5 (5.6-14.6, N:16) per 100,000 matched controls. For COPD patients, the one-year suicide rate was 22.4 (19.4-25.5, N:208) per 100,000 COPD patients (matched controls: 10.6, 8.3-13.0, N:85), for ischaemic heart disease 16.1 (14.1-18.2, N:225) per 100,000 patients (matched controls: 8.8, 7.1-10.4, N:128), for degenerative neurological conditions 114.5 (49.6-194.7, N:11) per 100,000 patients. The increase in risk was more pronounced in the first six months after diagnosis or first treatment. Interpretation: A diagnosis of severe physical illness is associated with higher suicide risk. The interaction of physical and mental illness emphasises the importance of collaborative physical and mental health care in these patients. Funding: The Office for National Statistics. KES is the Laing Galazka chair in palliative care at King's College London, funded by an endowment from Cicely Saunders International and the Kirby Laing Foundation.

2.
Bull World Health Organ ; 96(7): 498-505, 2018 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29962552

RESUMO

Primary care lags behind secondary care in the reporting of, and learning from, incidents that put patient safety at risk. In primary care, there is no universally agreed approach to classifying the severity of harm arising from such patient-safety incidents. This lack of an agreed approach limits learning that could lead to the prevention of injury to patients. In a review of research on patient safety in primary care, we identified 21 existing approaches to the classification of harm severity. Using the World Health Organization's (WHO's) International Classification for Patient Safety as a reference, we undertook a framework analysis of these approaches. We then developed a new system for the classification of harm severity. To assess and classify harm, most existing approaches use measures of symptom duration (11/21), symptom severity (11/21) and/or the level of intervention required to manage the harm (14/21). However, few of these approaches account for the deleterious effects of hospitalization or the psychological stress that may be experienced by patients and/or their relatives. The new classification system we developed builds on WHO's International Classification for Patient Safety and takes account not only of hospitalization and psychological stress but also of so-called near misses and uncertain outcomes. The constructs we have outlined have the potential to be applied internationally, across primary-care settings, to improve both the detection and prevention of incidents that cause the most severe harm to patients.


Les soins primaires ont du retard sur les soins secondaires en ce qui concerne l'établissement de rapports sur les incidents qui menacent la sécurité des patients et les enseignements qui en découlent. Dans le cas des soins primaires, il n'existe pas de méthode universellement acceptée pour classifier la gravité des dommages résultant d'incidents liés à la sécurité des patients. L'absence d'une telle méthode limite les enseignements qui pourraient favoriser la prévention des traumatismes chez les patients. Dans le cadre d'une analyse documentaire sur la sécurité des patients en matière de soins primaires, nous avons repéré l'existence de 21 méthodes de classification de la gravité des dommages. En prenant comme référence la Classification internationale pour la sécurité des patients de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), nous avons entrepris une analyse du cadre de ces méthodes. Nous avons ensuite conçu un nouveau système de classification de la gravité des dommages. Pour évaluer et classifier les dommages, la plupart des méthodes existantes utilisent des mesures portant sur la durée des symptômes (11/21), la gravité des symptômes (11/21) et/ou le niveau d'intervention requis pour prendre en charge les dommages (14/21). Néanmoins, rares sont celles qui tiennent compte des effets délétères de l'hospitalisation ou du stress psychologique que peuvent ressentir les patients et/ou leurs proches. Le nouveau système de classification que nous avons élaboré repose sur la Classification internationale pour la sécurité des patients de l'OMS et tient compte non seulement de l'hospitalisation et du stress psychologique, mais aussi de ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler les accidents évités de justesse et des résultats incertains. Les concepts que nous avons définis peuvent être appliqués dans les établissements de soins primaires du monde entier pour améliorer la détection et la prévention des incidents qui provoquent les plus graves dommages pour les patients.


La atención primaria queda por debajo de la atención secundaria en la notificación y el aprendizaje de incidentes que ponen en riesgo la seguridad del paciente. En la atención primaria, no existe un enfoque universalmente aceptado para clasificar la gravedad del daño que surge de tales incidentes que afectan a la seguridad del paciente. Esta falta de un enfoque consensuado limita el aprendizaje que podría conducir a la prevención de lesiones a los pacientes. En una revisión de la investigación sobre la seguridad del paciente en la atención primaria, se identificaron 21 enfoques existentes para la clasificación de la gravedad del daño. Con la Clasificación Internacional para la Seguridad del Paciente de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como referencia, se llevó a cabo un análisis del marco de estos enfoques. A continuación, se desarrolló un nuevo sistema para la clasificación de la gravedad del daño. Para evaluar y clasificar el daño, la mayoría de los enfoques existentes usan medidas de la duración de los síntomas (11/21), la gravedad de los síntomas (11/21) y/o el nivel de intervención necesario para gestionar el daño (14/21). Sin embargo, pocos de estos enfoques explican los efectos nocivos de la hospitalización o el estrés psicológico que pueden experimentar los pacientes y/o sus familiares. El nuevo sistema de clasificación desarrollado se basa en la Clasificación Internacional para la Seguridad del Paciente de la OMS y tiene en cuenta no solo la hospitalización y el estrés psicológico, sino también los denominados casi accidentes y los resultados inciertos. Los constructos descritos tienen el potencial de aplicarse internacionalmente, en entornos de atención primaria, para mejorar tanto la detección como la prevención de incidentes que causan los daños más graves a los pacientes.


Assuntos
Segurança do Paciente/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Hospitalização , Humanos , Erros Médicos/prevenção & controle , Organização Mundial da Saúde
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