[A study of urease activity of mouth cavity microflora].

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the prevalence of mouth cavity urealytic microflora and determination of the level of its enzymatic activity depending on concentration and amount of urea solution taken as a substrate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 62 randomly chosen patients at the age of 5-64 took part in the study. Each of them rinsed the mouth with 50 ml of 1% urea solution. Before and after rinsing the concentration of ammonia in the mouth cavity air was measured. In patients with highest and lowest activity of mouth cavity urealytic microflora a series of tests was carried out including mouth rinsing with urea solution in various concentrations and amounts and measuring ammonia concentration before and after rinsing. Obtained results were analyzed using mathematical statistics methods. RESULTS: It was found that in 91% ± 1.8% of randomly chosen patients (p < 0.05) mouth cavity microflora showed apparent urease activity. The lowest concentration (0.0625% in 50 ml) and volume (0.5 ml of 1% solution) levels of urea solution were obtained that can exert negative influence on the results of helicobacteriosis diagnosis by means of mouth cavity air analysis. CONCLUSION: Urealytic microflora in the mouth cavity is very common and may constitute a factor that decreases the specificity of helicobacteriosis diagnosis by means of the methods based on detection of indicators of gas metabolites resulting from the enzymatic reaction in air samples taken from the mouth cavity after oral administration of urea.

[Immunobiological properties of bacteria].

Opsonins found on the surface of microbial cells in vivo and ex vivo are characterized. The possibility of their visualization by immune electron and fluorescent microscopy has been demonstrated. Opsonins are shown to play a role in immune-mediated adhesion of bacteria to phagocytes and erythrocytes and formation of virus-bacterium associations. Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Propionibacteria appear to actively adsorb blood proteins on their cell surface giving rise to well-apparent capsular structures tentatively called immunoglobulin coatings. Pathogen (microorganism)-associated molecular patterns of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria show different degree of interaction with soluble proteins that in turn promote their adhesion to blood corpuscles. The role of erythrocytes in transportation and elimination of immune complexes bound to their membrane receptors is discussed.

[Possibilities of culturing Cryptosporidia in the cell-free medium].

An attempt was made to culture the Cryptosporidia, which had been isolated from the excreta of 24 HIV-infected patients and prepassaged on SCID mice, in an artificial host cell-free medium. The authors examined their impact of rabbit hepatic and renal tissue extracts, hemolyzed rabbit blood, bovine bile, ATP, calves' embryonic serum, bovine serum albumin, glucose, phytohemagglutinine, and concanavalin A, cultivation temperature, and medium pH on growth culture. A total of 72 cultures were tested. Transformation of sporosoites to other types of cells in the culture medium was studied from the first hours to two follow-up months. Completion of the parasite's full life cycle could be observed; all the cultures became weak and degraded in the long run.

[Salmonella virchow sacroiliitis and bacteremia in a child].

A 2.5 years old girl was admitted because of high fever and limping that appeared two days after she had trauma to her right leg. Bone scan demonstrated increased uptake in the right sacroiliac joint, and CT demonstrated right sacroiliitis. Salmonella vircow was isolated from the blood culture. The patient recovered after a five weeks course of intravenous antibiotics. Salmonella sacroiliitis in children is rare, and only seven cases have been reported in the English literature in the last 40 years. We reviewed the literature dealing with pathophysiology diagnosis therapy and outcome of this infection.

[Skin microbiocenosis in patient with chronic dermatoses]. / Mikrotsenoz kozhi bol'nykh khronicheskimi dermatozami.

The skin microflora of patients with chronic dermatoses (atopic dermatitis and psoriasis) have been studied by the original "Bactotests" method. The data thus obtained indicate that the clinical picture of the disease is related to the severity of skin dysbacteriosis. The electron-microscopic study of 2 staphylococcal strains isolated from patients has revealed the presence of the immunoglobulin cover (capsule-like outer sheath consisting of immunoglobulins and other humoral protective factors) on the cell wall of these bacteria.

[Clinical effect and tolerance of paxil (paroxetine) in management of panic disorders]. / Klinicheskaia éffektivnost' i perenosimost' paksila (paroksetina) pri lechenii panicheskogo rasstroistva.

AIM: To determine clinical efficiency and tolerance of paxil (paroxetin) in the treatment of panic disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An open, non-comparative 7 week study entered 60 patients (mean age 36.6 +/- 3.22 years) with panic disorders and agoraphobias with panic disorders. Paroxetin was given in a single daily dose 20-60 mg/day in the morning. The results were assessed by Hamilton and Sihan scales, scale of clinical impression, by reduction of panic attacks. RESULTS: In 72.2% of patients panic attacks ceased or occurred less frequently (by 50%). Anxiety relieved by 67 +/- 4.6%. The number of the responders was greater while the effect occurred faster in patients with panic disorders. The drug was well tolerated, side effects occurred in 43.3% of cases. They were mild or moderate. CONCLUSION: Paroxetin has a prominent anxiolytic and antiphobic action, is well tolerated and is effective in panic disorders and agoraphobia with panic disorders.

[Transferrin iron-binding capacity in hypersideremia]. / K voprosu ob obshchei zhelezosviazyvaiushchei sposobnosti transferrina pri gipersideremiiakh.

Three methods for evaluation of serum iron-binding capacity have been described: biochemical, immunological based on transferrin assay, and biophysical based on electron-paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of transferrin. Interrelation has been shown between transferrin and general serum iron-binding capacity. Basing on the data presented it is suggested that in secondary hemochromatosis plasma contains an iron pool that is not specifically bound with transferrin, while in primary hemochromatosis such pool was not detected.

[Dynamic esophageal scintigraphy by a condensed imaging method]. / Dinamicheskaia ézofagostsintigrafiia metodom kondensirovannogo izobrazheniia.

The paper is concerned with preliminary evaluation of a method of condensed imaging during processing of the results of dynamic esophageal scintigraphy to detect motor evacuatory function of the esophagus. Altogether 34 patients (20 patients with primary esophageal cancer and 14 without G. I. tract pathology) were investigated. Comparison of the results of analysis of dynamic esophageal scintigraphy by a method of condensed imaging and standard methods of diagnostic data processing has shown that a condensed image of the esophagus objectively reflects some passage features of a food lump in the organ. Condensed imaging seems superior for analysis of the results of investigation and diagnostic data storage. However, this method must not be regarded as an alternative one ruling out a necessity of analysis of esophageal histograms and calculation of RP transport in the esophagus.

[Parasternal lymphoscintigraphy in planning the radiation therapy of breast cancer]. / Parasternal'naia limfostsintigrafiia v planirovanii luchevoi terapii pri rake molochnoi zhelezy.

Altogether 82 breast cancer patients were investigated to determine a possibility of the use of parasternal lymphoscintigraphy with colloid finely divided radiopharmaceuticals 99mTc and 198Au to form individual irradiation fields; 43 patients with fibroadenomatosis were taken as controls. Variants of the localization of parasternal lymph nodes were defined, standard and "optimum" (individual) parasternal irradiation field values were compared. 54.9% of the patients were shown to be in need of correction by increasing a standard irradiation field (5 cm wide).

[RLadiolymphography with 113mIn-chloride in the diagnosis of the lymphogenic metastases of skin melanomas]. / Radiolimfografiia 113mIn-khloridom v diagnostike limfogennykh metastazov melanom kozhi.

One hundred and thirty indirect lymphoscintigraphies (74 lower and 56 upper ones) using 113mIn-chloride were performed in 121 cases of skin melanoma. Metastatic involvement of lymph nodes was characterized by either increased or decreased accumulation of the radionuclide. The overall accuracy of the procedure was 0.85 for the inguinal, 0.82--iliac and 0.75--for the axillary lymph nodes.

[Hepatic scintigraphy using 123I-rose bengal]. / Gepatostsintigrafiia s ispol'zovaniem 123I-bengal'skogo rozovogo.

The paper is devoted to the experience in diagnostic investigations using rose bengal, labeled with half-life 123I (123I-RB). The drug was synthesized in the B. P. Konstantinov Leningrad Institute of Nuclear Physics, USSR Academy of Sciences. Analysis of the results of investigations of 201 patients with diseases of the liver and biliary tracts revealed the advantages of 123I-RB over standard RPs of similar diagnostic purpose. Owing to low radiation exposure one could use higher activity (up to 120 MBq and more) of the drug. It made it possible to combine a study of the functional parameters of the hepatobiliary system and obtaining scintigraphic data on the structure of the liver and biliary tracts. 123I-RB is the best radiodiagnostic agent for a study of function and topography of the liver in patients with an increased blood level of bilirubin.

[Intravital study of lymph outflow in rectal cancer]. / Prizhiznennoe izuchenie ottoka limfy pri rake priamoi kishki.

Methods of life-time studies of lymph drainage in the rectum using lymphoscintigraphy were developed. The normal rectum was found to fall into two segments with a border at the level of 5 cm above the anus which revealed essentially different pathways of lymph drainage: mainly to inguinal and internal iliac lymph nodes (distal segment) or to superior rectal and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes (proximal one). Rectal cancer involves the switching-on of reserve and collateral pathways of lymph drainage from the organ which is determined by the local-regional extension of tumor.

[Radionuclide diagnosis of disorders of the central lymph dynamics in thoracic duct pathology]. / Radionuklidnaia diagnostika narushenii tsentral'noi limfodinamiki pri patologii grudnogo protoka.

The experience in using radiolymphography in the diagnosis of central lymph dynamics disorders in thoracic duct pathology has been analysed. For the first time in Soviet literature we encounter two observations over the state of lymph dynamics along the thoracic duct by means of lymphoscintigraphy with colloid 113mIn in patients with lymphangiectasia of the thoracic duct and chylothorax. In importance of lymphoscintigraphy in determining the compensatory mechanisms of the lymph flow in primary pathology of the main lymph collector is emphasized.

[The importance of lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer]. / Znachenie limfostsintigrafii pri rake molochnoi zhelezy.

The comparison of results of axillary lymphoscintigraphy with those of morphological examination of surgically removed lymph nodes in 78 patients with breast cancer showed overall reliability of the method to be 0.72, specificity--0.56 and sensitivity--0.92. Data of lymphoscintigraphy performed in 82 breast cancer patients to form fields of parasternal lymph node irradiation suggested enlarging standard field by 4 cm in 90.2% of cases and by 5 cm--in 54.9%.