[Transparency of the intraocular lens and its influence on distinguishing ability of the eye]. / Vliv transparence nitroocní cocky na rozlisovací schopnost oka.

PURPOSE: To compare logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) in four types of early cataract and to evaluate influence of cataract surgery on visual functions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 53 eyes (14 men, 39 women) with early cataract (BCVA 20/30 and 20/20 using Snellen charts) were examined before and within 3 and 12 months after cataract surgery. BCVA was tested using logMAR charts with Landolt rings. CS was examined on computerized system of 8010 type (Neuroscientific corp., USA) in 6 spatial frequencies between 0.74 d/deg and 29.55 c/deg. Influence of glare of 342.6 cd/m2 was tested using Brightness Acuity tester. The cataract was divided into 4 types: a) cortical (n=19); b) posterior subcapsular (n=9); c) nuclear (n=9) and d) corticonuclear (n=16). Twenty subjects were examined in the control group. RESULTS: BCVA using logMAR charts was 0.52 (0.22-1.05) preoperatively, and 0.83 (0.37-1.26) at 12 months postoperatively in the whole group of 53 patients. BCVA in patients before and after cataract surgery was significantly lower compared to the control group (p<0.001, p<0.05). Postoperative improvement of BCVA was markedly higher on logMAR charts (up to 4 lines) than using Snellen charts (1 line). CS in patients before and after cataract surgery was significantly lower compared to the control group (p<0.05 to p<0.001) in spite of significant improvement postoperatively (p<0.05 to p<0.001), first of all at intermediate and high spatial frequencies. Glare had only nonsignificant influence. The values of both BCVA and CS did not differ between 4 types of the cataract. CONCLUSIONS: The significant improvement of both BCVA and CS suggest that cataract surgery improve quality of life in early cataract.

[Evaluation of subjective complaints of patients with a visual acuity of 20/30 to 20/20 before and after cataract surgery]. / Hodnocení subjektivních obtízí pacientu se zrakovou ostrostí 6/9/-6/6 pred a po operaci katarakty

PURPOSE: To quantify patient's functional visual complaints in early cataract and after cataract surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-nine patients scheduled for cataract surgery with a visual acuity of 20/30 or better on Snellen optotypes at the time of patient selection and no other ocular pathology were evaluated subjectively for visual functions preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Subjective visual functions were evaluated using a questionnaire that evaluated patient's visual functions by assessing the degree of difficulty they experience in performing tasks involving distance vision, near vision, mesopic vision and glare conditions. RESULTS: The questionnaire scores were correlated with visual performance both before cataract surgery and thereafter. Significant improvement of subjective visual performance was described postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Questionnaire should be considered as adjuncts to visual acuity and constrast sensitivity testing in evaluation of early cataract.

[Visual function in high myopia corrected with anterior chamber phakic lens (PK PIOL). Initial results]. / Zrakové funkce pri vysoké myopii korigované fakickou prednekomorovou cockou (PK PIOL). První výsledky.

20 eyes (12 women, 8 men) undergoing implantation of anterior chamber phakic IOL (PIOL) for correction of the refractive error were examined before and 1 and 6 months after surgery. Median of preoperative spherical equivalent of refraction was -9.75 D (range -19.00 to -6.00 D). Contrast sensitivity (CS) was tested on a computerized system of the Contrast sensitivity 8010 type in 6 spatial frequencies (range 0.74 to 29.55 c/deg) and using the Ginsburg's charts also in 6 spatial frequencies (range 1.15 to 27.25 c/deg), the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured on the normalized charts with Landolt rings, influence of glare of 342 cd/m2 was examined using Brightness Acuity Tester. At 6 months postoperatively, median of spherical equivalent of refraction was 0.00 (-1.00 to 0.00). BCVA increased from 0.79 (range 0.50 to 0.97) preoperatively onto 0.96 (range 0.83 to 1.00). Median of CS increased in all spatial frequencies tested using both methods, significantly in the middle and high frequencies and CS almost, reached lower border of CS normal range. Glare had only nonsignificant influence on both BCVA and CS. Quality of vision postoperatively improved significantly.

[Effect of YAG capsulotomy of secondary cataracts on visual functions]. / Vliv YAG kapsulotomie u sekundární katarakty na zrakové funkce.

1. 20 patients (20 eyes) with secondary cataract and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/30 or 20/20 using Snellen charts were examined before Nd-YAG capsulotomy and 14 days postoperatively. 2. Contrast sensitivity (CS) was tested on a computerized system of the Contrast sensitivity 8010 type and on VCTS charts in 6 spatial frequencies, BCVA was measured on the logMAR charts with Landolt rings and influence of glare of 342.6 cd/m2 was tested using Brightness Acuity Tester (BAT). 3. BCVA (without and under glare) in patients before and after YAG capsulotomy was significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Postoperative improvement of BCVA was markedly higher on logMAR charts (up to 6.6 standardized lines) than using Snellen charts (1 line). 4. CS (without and under glare) using both methods in patients before and after YAG capsulotomy was significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) in spite of significant improvement postoperatively (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), first of all at intermediate and high spatial frequencies. 5. Glare had only nonsignificant influence on BCVA and CS in all groups.

[Results of a prospective clinical study of 150 implanted AcrySof lenses]. / Výsledky prospektivní klinické studie 150 implantovaných AcrySof cocek.

The authors present results of a prospective clinical study with 150 foldable acrylic intraocular lenses AcrySof (Alcon Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.). There were 70 women and 63 men, altogether 133 patients (150 eyes). All lenses were implanted in the bag through 3.5 mm corneal self sealing tunnel incision. Best corrected visual acuity was 6/9 or better in 119 eyes (79.3%) on the first postoperative day and in 128 eyes (85.3%) one year after surgery. Induced astigmatism was up to 0.5 D in 91 eyes (60.7%) on the first postoperative day and in 125 eyes (83.3%) six months after surgery. Posterior capsule fibrosis occurred only in 4 eyes one year after surgery and in 2 eyes Nd:YAG kapsulotomy was done. We have not seen any serious complications. Assessment of the results with AcrySof implantation has shown excellent results, especially very low rate of secondary cataract.

[An indirect carotid-cavernous fistula complicated by secondary glaucoma. Case report]. / Neprímá karotido-kavernózní pístel (K-K-P) komplikovaná sekundárním glaukomem. Kazuistika.

The authors present clinical picture, diagnostic procedures and therapy of the dural shunt syndrome which is very often the cause of diagnostic difficulties. They report about unusual complication--secondary angle closure glaucoma and venous stasis retinopathy from thrombosis of ophthalmic vein and about the possibilities of the therapy.