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1.
Br J Pharmacol ; 170(1): 17-22, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23336732

RESUMO

Histamine has the ability to influence the activity of immune cells including neutrophils and plays a pivotal role in inflammatory processes, which are a complex network of cellular and humoral events. One of the main functions manifested by activated neutrophils is oxidative burst, which is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species; therefore, the effects of histamine receptor agonists and antagonists on the oxidative burst of neutrophils is reviewed. A role for the well-characterized histamine H1 and H2 receptors in this process is discussed and compared to that of the recently discovered H4 receptor.


Assuntos
Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Histamínicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Histamina/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores Histamínicos/metabolismo , Receptores Histamínicos H1/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Histamínicos H1/metabolismo , Receptores Histamínicos H2/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Histamínicos H2/metabolismo , Receptores Histamínicos H4 , Explosão Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos
2.
Int J Lab Hematol ; 34(2): 136-42, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21834798

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The differentiation between extra- and intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in whole blood was measured by luminol- and isoluminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). METHODS: Azide (total CL inhibition), azide + horseradish peroxidase (HRP, restoring extracellular CL), superoxide dismutase + catalase (depleting extracellular ROS) and HRP (enhancing extracellular CL) were used to modulate luminol- and isoluminol-enhanced CL (10(-6) -10(-3) m luminophores) of 125× diluted whole blood which was activated by both calcium ionophore A23187 (Ca-I) and opsonized zymosan particles (OZP) separately. RESULTS: Both activators stimulated intra- and extracellular production of ROS. Luminol-enhanced CL of Ca-I-activated samples detected the intracellular ROS, and with the addition of HRP detected the extracellular CL as well. CL enhanced with isoluminol in concentrations of 10(-4) m or less was mostly extracellular. There was a mixture of intra- and extracellular CL in OZP-activated samples, probably because of the ingestion of luminophore molecules. CONCLUSION: Measurement of Ca-I-activated CL enhanced with 10(-4) m luminol is recommended for the detection of intracellular ROS. The addition of HRP leads to the detection of overall ROS production while the OZP-activated system with its addition of HRP can only be used to detect overall ROS production. Ca-I-activated CL enhanced with 10(-4) m isoluminol and with addition of HRP is recommended for the detection of extracellular CL.


Assuntos
Luminescência , Medições Luminescentes/métodos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/análise , Sangue , Células Sanguíneas , Humanos , Luminol/análogos & derivados
3.
J Physiol Pharmacol ; 60(1): 143-50, 2009 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19439816

RESUMO

The interaction of adrenergic agonists and/or antagonists with the adrenergic receptors expressed on immunologically active cells including macrophages plays an important role in regulation of inflammatory responses. Our study investigated the effects of carvedilol, a unique vasodilating beta-adrenergic antagonist, and endogenous adrenergic agonists (adrenalin, noradrenalin, and dopamine) and/or antagonists (prazosin, atenolol) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production from murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. The production of NO was determined as the concentration of nitrites in cell supernatants (Griess reaction) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression (Western blot analysis). Scavenging properties against NO were measured electrochemically. Carvedilol in a concentration range of 1, 5, 10 and 25 microM inhibited iNOS protein expression and decreased the nitrite concentration in cell supernatants. Adrenalin, noradrenalin or dopamine also inhibited the iNOS protein expression and the nitrite accumulation. Prazosine and atenolol prevented the effect of both carvedilol and adrenergic agonists on nitrite accumulation and iNOS expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells. These results, together with the absence of scavenging properties of carvedilol against NO, imply that both carvedilol and adrenergic agonists suppress the lipopolysaccharide-evoked NO production by macrophages through the activation and modulation of signaling pathways connected with adrenergic receptors.


Assuntos
Agonistas Adrenérgicos/farmacologia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Propanolaminas/farmacologia , Receptores Adrenérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/farmacologia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Animais , Carbazóis/administração & dosagem , Carvedilol , Linhagem Celular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopolissacarídeos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismo , Propanolaminas/administração & dosagem , Receptores Adrenérgicos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos
5.
Folia Microbiol (Praha) ; 54(6): 545-8, 2009 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20140724

RESUMO

The effect is described of selenium supplemented in an inorganic and organic form on the innate immune response of goats. Though the phagocytic activity (as a marker of the immune function) was found to be lower in organic-Se-treated group than in control (54.5 +/- 4.32 vs. 60.2 +/- 9.15 %), it did not generally exhibit any significant differences; similarly, no differences were found in the phagocytic index. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) (estimated as peak CL, integral CL and a peak time after addition of calcium ionophore A23187, opsonised zymosan (OZP) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate as effectors. A significant ROS increase reflected in integral CL and a peak time was found in the inorganic-Se-treated group when OZP was used as activator; other parameters did not exhibit significant changes. The supplementation of Se in inorganic form can thus be seen to influence positively the innate immune system of kids.


Assuntos
Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Selênio/administração & dosagem , Animais , Feminino , Cabras , Compostos Inorgânicos/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Compostos Orgânicos/administração & dosagem , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo
7.
Physiol Res ; 57(3): 393-402, 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17465695

RESUMO

The aim was to study the antioxidant properties of four wine polyphenols (flavonoids catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin, and hydroxystilbene resveratrol). All three flavonoids exerted significant and dose-dependent scavenging effects against peroxyl radical and nitric oxide in chemical systems. The scavenging effect of resveratrol was significantly lower. All polyphenols decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by RAW264.7 macrophages. Only quercetin quenched ROS produced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages incubated for 24 h with polyphenols. Quercetin and resveratrol decreased the release of nitric oxide by these cells in a dose-dependent manner which corresponded to a decrease in iNOS expression in the case of quercetin. In conclusion, the higher number of hydroxyl substituents is an important structural feature of flavonoids in respect to their scavenging activity against ROS and nitric oxide, while C-2,3 double bond (present in quercetin and resveratrol) might be important for inhibition of ROS and nitric oxide production by RAW 264.7 macrophages.


Assuntos
Flavonoides/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Vinho , Animais , Catequina/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Flavonoides/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Fenóis/química , Polifenóis , Quercetina/farmacologia , Resveratrol , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest ; 67(3): 343-51, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17454849

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress is one of the important complications occurring in haemodialysis. The aim of the study was to determine haemodialysis-induced changes in oxidative burst of phagocytes and the antioxidative properties of plasma. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients and 50 healthy controls were examined. Oxidative burst of phagocytes and plasma antioxidative potential were measured luminometrically. Concentrations of major plasma antioxidants (vitamin E, bilirubin and uric acid) were also determined. RESULTS: Phagocyte chemiluminescence was higher in patients before haemodialysis compared with that in controls and decreased after haemodialysis compared with predialysis status. A significant increase in plasma antioxidative potential and uric acid was found in patients before haemodialysis. These parameters decreased after haemodialysis compared with both predialysis and control values. CONCLUSIONS: The higher generation of phagocyte-derived oxidants and the decline in plasma antioxidative properties after haemodialysis confirm insufficient antioxidant defence in patients with chronic renal failure.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Falência Renal Crônica/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Oxidantes/sangue , Fagócitos/metabolismo , Diálise Renal , Adulto , Idoso , Bilirrubina/sangue , Feminino , Radicais Livres/análise , Humanos , Medições Luminescentes , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxirredução , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/efeitos adversos , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Risco , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Vitamina E/sangue
10.
Physiol Res ; 55(2): 165-173, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15910174

RESUMO

Open heart surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with a systemic inflammatory response which significantly contributes to adverse postoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to characterize the activation of blood phagocytes during open heart surgery with CPB. Blood samples were collected during and up to 24 h after surgery. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in whole blood, the expression of surface molecules by blood phagocytes and complement activity in the plasma were determined. A cDNA microarray analysis of leukocyte RNA profile of genes was performed related to the inflammatory response. Activation of the complement was already observed at the beginning of CPB. This was followed by an increase in the neutrophil number and in both spontaneous and opsonized zymosan-activated ROS production after the onset of reperfusion. The activation of blood phagocytes was affirmed by changes in surface receptors involved in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes (CD11b, CD62L and CD31). Gene arrays also confirmed the activation of leukocytes 4 h after reperfusion. In conclusion, open heart surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass was found to be associated with a rapid and pronounced activation of blood phagocytes and complement activation which was partly independent at the onset of CPB.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Ativação de Neutrófilo/fisiologia , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/etiologia , Idoso , Humanos , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutrófilos/metabolismo
11.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest ; 65(1): 55-64, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15859027

RESUMO

Carvedilol inhibits luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of reactive oxygen metabolites in vitro. In this study it was found that, in the cell-free system, carvedilol dose-dependently decreased chemiluminescence in the following ranking order of radicals: hydroxyl radical > hydrogen peroxide > superoxide radical. The inhibition of myeloperoxidase was significant with carvedilol concentrations of 10 and 100 micromol/l and manifested in the concentration-dependent shift of chemiluminescence peaks to the right. In whole blood, carvedilol in concentrations of 10 and 100 micromol/l significantly inhibited chemiluminescence induced by both receptor-bypassing stimuli (A23187, PMA) and receptor-operating stimuli (fMLP, OpZ). Carvedilol dose-dependently inhibited chemiluminescence of isolated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the ranking order of stimuli: A23187 > OpZ > fMLP. In the presence of blood platelets, carvedilol did not substantially change chemiluminescence induced by fMLP and OpZ, while it was much more effective on chemiluminescence stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187. This could be the result of the supportive effect of serotonin liberated from platelets by A23187.


Assuntos
Células Sanguíneas/efeitos dos fármacos , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Propanolaminas/farmacologia , Adulto , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Carvedilol , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sistema Livre de Células , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Cinética , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Medições Luminescentes , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peroxidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo
12.
Physiol Res ; 53(5): 523-31, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15479131

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to follow up the changes in antioxidative adaptive mechanisms induced by various periods of small intestinal ischemia in Wistar rats. The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. After the respective ischemic intervals, a reperfusion was set for 120 min. Samples of the serum and intestinal mucosa were taken at the end of ischemia or at the end of reperfusion. Total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) of the serum and the oxidative burst of neutrophils were evaluated using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Individual antioxidants in the serum and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in both serum and intestinal mucosa were measured spectrophotometrically. Increased activation of circulating neutrophils was found after the reperfusion irrespective of the duration of ischemia. TRAP of the serum was increased at the end of the ischemia lasting from 30 to 90 min. This effect was further enhanced by the subsequent reperfusion period. Ascorbate and urate contributed considerably to the TRAP value especially after reperfusion following 60 and 90 min of ischemia. On the other hand, no significant changes in albumin and bilirubin serum concentrations were observed. Contrary to the mobilized antioxidative mechanisms, increased lipid peroxidation was observed in both serum and mucosa samples.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/irrigação sanguínea , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/sangue , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Doença Aguda , Adaptação Fisiológica , Animais , Feminino , Contagem de Leucócitos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Explosão Respiratória , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
13.
Folia Microbiol (Praha) ; 49(3): 315-9, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15259774

RESUMO

To investigate whether hemocytes of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera) larvae produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of the oxidative killing of invading pathogens, the production of ROS was measured as a luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence of unstimulated or stimulated (zymosan particles, phorbol myristate acetate, calcium ionophore, rice starch or Xenorhabdus nematophila) hemolymph. No detectable ROS production was found. The spontaneous and activated ROS production measured with hemocytes, i.e. under the conditions when the antioxidative potential of hemolymph plasma was eliminated, was again undetectable. Likewise, ROS production by isolated hemocytes was observed by spectrophotometric (NBT test, cytochrome c assay) and fluorimetric (using dihydrorhodamine and hydroethidine probes) methods. Hence none of the experimental approaches used indicated the production of ROS by hemocytes of B. mori larvae as part of their immune response.


Assuntos
Bombyx/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Animais , Bombyx/imunologia , Medições Luminescentes
14.
Physiol Res ; 53(2): 199-208, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15046557

RESUMO

Cytokines play a major role in the control of inflammatory responses, participate in the regulation of blood phagocyte activities and as such are used for immunomodulatory therapy. In the present study, the influence of IL-10 on human blood phagocyte activity in the presence/absence of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha was tested in vitro. Our research analyzed the effects of cytokines on the production of reactive oxygen species measured by chemiluminescence and flow cytometry, and on the expression of surface molecules (CD11b, CD15, CD62L, CD31) measured by flow cytometry. IL-10 had no inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species production and the expression of any examined adhesion molecule by resting or stimulated blood phagocytes within 3 h of incubation. Conversely, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 increased reactive oxygen species production and the expression of CD11b and CD15 on both neutrophils and monocytes and decreased the expression of CD62L. These priming effects of the tested pro-inflammatory cytokines were not affected by IL-10. The obtained results suggest that IL-10 does not directly control blood phagocyte activation. These results also provide better information about the contribution of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha to the regulation of blood phagocyte-mediated inflammatory processes.


Assuntos
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/fisiologia , Leucócitos/fisiologia , Fagócitos/fisiologia , Explosão Respiratória/fisiologia , Antígeno CD11b/metabolismo , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Interleucina-10/administração & dosagem , Interleucina-10/farmacologia , Interleucina-6/administração & dosagem , Interleucina-6/farmacologia , Interleucina-8/administração & dosagem , Interleucina-8/farmacologia , Selectina L/metabolismo , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Antígenos CD15/metabolismo , Medições Luminescentes , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Monócitos/metabolismo , Monócitos/fisiologia , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Fagócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fagócitos/metabolismo , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Explosão Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos , Rodaminas/química , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/administração & dosagem , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Zimosan/farmacologia
15.
Physiol Res ; 53(1): 97-102, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14984320

RESUMO

To predict more precisely the effect of stobadine, a pyridoindole antioxidant agent, in the whole organism, we studied its effect on opsonized zymosan-stimulated free radical generation in whole blood, on superoxide generation in the mixture of PMNL : platelets (1:50), as well as on superoxide generation and myeloperoxidase release in isolated PMNL. Without stimulation, stobadine had no effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and myeloperoxidase release. Stobadine in a concentration of 10 or 100 micromol/l significantly decreased luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in opsonized zymosan-stimulated whole blood. In concentrations of 10 and 100 micromol/l, it reduced myeloperoxidase release from isolated neutrophils. Stobadine significantly decreased superoxide generation in isolated neutrophils in 100 micromol/l concentration. Its effect was much less pronounced in the mixture of neutrophils and platelets in the ratio close to physiological conditions (1:50). Our results suggest that stobadine might exert a beneficial effect in diseases or states where superfluous ROS generation could be deleterious.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Carbolinas/farmacologia , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Zimosan/farmacologia , Adulto , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Explosão Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos
16.
Folia Microbiol (Praha) ; 49(5): 539-42, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15702542

RESUMO

Natural bioluminescence of all recently accepted Photorhabdus species and subspecies type strains (bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes) was measured using a commercial luminometer; optimum conditions for the measurement were described. Cultures emitted reliably measurable bioluminescence with characteristic level and kinetics for each strain. Bioluminescence of all strains was significantly higher at 37 than at 25 degrees C at the beginning of the measurement, no effect of bacterial concentration on the intensity of bioluminescence was observed. The technique can provide reliable and quick information for the determination of Photorhabdus taxons.


Assuntos
Photorhabdus/metabolismo , Animais , Cinética , Luminescência , Medições Luminescentes , Photorhabdus/classificação , Rhabditoidea/microbiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Temperatura
17.
Ceska Slov Farm ; 53(6): 310-3, 2004 Nov.
Artigo em Tcheco | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15630998

RESUMO

Nitrogen oxide is a relatively stable, highly reactive radical, which develops in the organism by oxidation of the guanidine nitrogen of the amino acid L-arginine by the action of NO-synthase with the development of L-citrulline. It participates in a number of physiological and pathological processes. The difference between the physiological and pathological concentration of nitrogen oxide is very small, and for that reason we search for suitable methods of its determination and the substances influencing the level of nitrogen and thus decreasing its overproduction. Testing of scavenger activity against NO was performed by the method following Griess (spectrophotometric determination of nitrites as the oxidation products of NO), which was compared with the HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) method developed by the present authors. The antiradical effect of the compounds being assayed (acetylsalicylic acid, piracetam, paracetamol, serotonin, stobadin dihydrochloride, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, L-glutathion, and N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine) against NO was compared with the so-called total antioxidant activity--TRAP (total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter), which corresponds to the capability to trap peroxyl radicals. On the basis of the obtained data, piracetam and acetylsalicylic acid show no antioxidant activity, paracetamol shows probably moderate scavenging action against nitrogen oxide, and other compounds tested (primarily 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, serotonin, stobadin) are strong antioxidants against both NO and peroxyl radical.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química
18.
Physiol Res ; 52(4): 417-23, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12899653

RESUMO

The sequence of changes in circulating immune cells and in free radical production was studied during the small intestine reperfusion. Rat small intestine ischemia/reperfusion was induced by a 45 min superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by a 4-hour reperfusion. Samples of peripheral blood were collected every 20 min during reperfusion. While the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes increased significantly both in the sham-operated controls and the experimental group (about 400 per cent at the end of reperfusion), a decrease in lymphocyte counts to 60 per cent was observed in the experimental group only. Although there were no changes in the counts of total T lymphocytes, a significant reduction in B cell counts was observed. Flow-cytometrical measurements showed no changes in the Tc subpopulation, while the Th subpopulation increased in the experimental group only. Free radical generation in blood (luminometric measurements) increased gradually and reached an eight-fold level by the end of reperfusion in both groups. Thus, it has been shown that the increase in free radical production is mainly due to the increased number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes mobilized already at the initial stages of reperfusion. The reduction in B lymphocyte population is probably due to homing mechanisms


Assuntos
Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Leucócitos/fisiologia , Artéria Mesentérica Superior/fisiopatologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/fisiopatologia , Animais , Gasometria , Hematócrito , Contagem de Leucócitos , Medições Luminescentes , Luminol , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Fenótipo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
19.
Ceska Slov Farm ; 52(4): 171-5, 2003 Jul.
Artigo em Tcheco | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12924067

RESUMO

The luminol-enhanced chemiluminiscence method was used to investigate the antioxidative activity of N-(alkoxyphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-aza-1-cykloalkyl) acetamides studied as potential cognitive enhancers and stobadine acylderivatives which form prodrugs with increased lipophilicity. The effect on the production of reactive oxygen metabolites by activated leukocytes was studied in vitro. Furthermore, the total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter was evaluated as the peroxyl radical-trapping capacity and the scavenging effect on the superoxide anion radical (generated by the enzymatic system hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase) and on the hydroxyl radical (produced in Fenton reaction) were studied. The antioxidative properties of the tested substances were compared with that of stobadine dihydrochloride. Only stobadine and its butyrylderivative have been demonstrated to possess free radical scavenging activity in all systems. Cinnamoylstobadine inhibited only the leukocyte chemiluminiscence activity. The potential cognitive enhancers did not show any antioxidant activity.


Assuntos
Acetamidas/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Indóis/farmacologia , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Piridinas/farmacologia , Acetamidas/química , Antioxidantes/química , Carbolinas/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Indóis/química , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Medições Luminescentes , Piridinas/química
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