Actividad in vitro de posaconazol,fluconazol, itraconazol, ketoconazoly voriconazol frente a Candida glabrata / In vitro activities of posaconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole against Candida glabrata

El prop¨®sito del presente trabajo ha sido determinar la actividadin vitro del nuevo antif¨²ngico triazol posaconazol frentea 123 aislamientos de levaduras de inter¨¦s cl¨ªnico. La susceptibilidadfue testada mediante el m¨¦todo comercial de microdiluci¨®nSensititre YeastOne. Las concentraciones m¨ªnimasinhibitorias (CMI) fueron establecidas de acuerdo con los criteriosrecomendados. Los resultados de la actividad de posaconazolfrente a Candida glabrata fueron comparados con losde fluconazol, itraconazol, ketoconazol y voriconazol. Las especiesm¨¢s sensibles a posaconazol fueron C. albicans, C. parapsilosis,C. tropicalis y C. dubliniensis. La especie menos sensiblefue C. glabrata. El porcentaje de cepas con CMI ¡Ý 1 mg/lpara posaconazol fue del 9%, todas ellas C. glabrata. Las especiescon CMI ¡Ý 0,5 mg/l para itraconazol supusieron un 36%(41 C. glabrata, 1 C. krusei, 1 C. guilliermondii, 1 C. ciferrii). Lascepas de C. glabrata resistentes a fluconazol, ketoconazol y voriconazolfueron el 8%, 4%y 4%, respectivamente. Posaconazolmuestra una buena activitad frente a la mayor¨ªa de las especiesde Candida; sin embargo, frente a C. glabrata es similar aitraconazol y menos activo que ketoconazol y voriconazol (AU)

This study has been conducted to asses the in vitro activityof the novel triazole antifungal agent posaconazoleagainst 123 clinically important isolates of yeasts. Susceptibilitywas tested using the Sensititre YeastOne microdilutioncommercial method. Minimun inhibitory concentrations(MICs) were determined at the recommendedendpoints and time intervals. The activity of posaconazole against Candida glabrata was compared with those offluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole.The most susceptible species to posaconazole were C. albicans,C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. dubliniensis. Candidaglabrata was the least susceptible. The percentage ofstrains with MIC for posaconazole ¡Ý 1 mg/L was 9%, allof them were C. glabrata. The species with MIC for itraconazole¡Ý 0.5 mg/L were 36% (41 C. glabrata, 1 C. krusei,1 C. guilliermondii, 1 C. ciferrii). Candida glabrata strainsresistant to fluconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole were8%, 4% and 4%, respectively. Posaconazole exhibited goodactivity to the majority of Candida species. However, it wassimilar to itraconazole and less active than ketoconazoleand voriconazole against C. glabrata (AU)

[In vitro activities of posaconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole against Candida glabrata]. / Actividad in vitro de posaconazol, fluconazol, itraconazol, ketoconazol y voriconazol frente a Candida glabrata.

This study has been conducted to asses the in vitro activity of the novel triazole antifungal agent posaconazole against 123 clinically important isolates of yeasts. Susceptibility was tested using the Sensititre YeastOne microdilution commercial method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined at the recommended endpoints and time intervals. The activity of posaconazole against Candida glabrata was compared with those of fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole. The most susceptible species to posaconazole were C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. dubliniensis. Candida glabrata was the least susceptible. The percentage of strains with MIC for posaconazole >or= 1 mg/L was 9%, all of them were C. glabrata. The species with MIC for itraconazole >or= 0.5 mg/L were 36% (41 C. glabrata, 1 C. krusei, 1 C. guilliermondii, 1 C. ciferrii). Candida glabrata strains resistant to fluconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole were 8%, 4% and 4%, respectively. Posaconazole exhibited good activity to the majority of Candida species. However, it was similar to itraconazole and less active than ketoconazole and voriconazole against C. glabrata.

Respuesta fisiológica del tejido conjuntivo de músculos y tendones tras la aplicación de los agentes físicos / Physiological response of the muscular and tendinous conjunctive tissue after application of physical agents

El conocimiento de la composición del tejido conjuntivo de músculos y tendones y la respuesta a la aplicación de los agentes físicos citados son los objetivos formulados para nuestra revisión bibliográfica puesto que consideramos que su entendimiento ofrece la oportunidad de proporcionar una base racional para los tratamientos aplicados en Fisioterapia. Material y método: se ha realizado la búsqueda principalmente en diversas bases de datos electrónicas. También se consultaron revistas y monográficos de la hemeroteca y biblioteca de la Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM). Resultados: acerca de la composición del tejido conjuntivo de músculos y tendones y de los efectos terapéuticos que la crioterapia, ultrasonido y estiramiento ejercían sobre el tejido conjuntivo de estas estructuras. Conclusión: los agentes físicos actúan modificando las propiedades viscoelásticas y biomecánicas del tejido conjuntivo. Sería necesario un mejor control de la síntesis de colágeno para conseguir efectividad en los procesos de reparación de los tejidos dañados(AU)

Knowledge of the composition of muscular and tendinous conjunctive tissue and responseto the application of the physical agents mentioned are the objectives established for ourbibliographic review since we consider that understanding them offers the opportunity toprovide a rational basis for the treatments applied in physiotherapy.Material and methods: The search was mainly performed in different electronic data bases. We also consulted journals and monographs from the newspaper library and the library of the UCAM.Results: The results are on the composition of the muscular and tendinous conjunctivetissue and the therapeutic effects which cryotherapy, ultrasound and stretching have onthe conjunctive tissue of these structures.Conclusion: The physical agents act by modifying the viscoelastic and biomechanicalproperties of the conjunctive tissue. Better control of the collagen synthesis is needed tomake the repair processes of the damaged tissues effec(AU)

Interés del tratamiento osteopático en la enfermedad de De Quervain. A propósito de un caso / Interest of the osteopathic treatment in ''De Quervain'' disease. '' A case report

Diseño: estudio de casos. Objetivos: describir la aplicación de técnicas osteopáticas en el tratamiento fisioterápico en un caso de enfermedad de De Quervain. Paciente y método: mujer de 29 años que presenta enfermedad de De Quervain bilateral de 8 meses de evolución. La paciente refería dolor constante de intensidad 7/10 en escala visual analógica (EVA). La movilidad estaba conservada. El balance muscular era doloroso para la extensión y abducción del pulgar y la prueba Filkenstein positiva bilateral. Los tests osteopáticos mostraron lesión de la cabeza radial en anterioridad en el codo derecho y en posterioridad en el izquierdo. El tratamiento consistió en iontoforesis con diclofenaco, ejercicios activos y tratamiento manual de elastificación de los músculos afectados. A partir de la quinta sesión se incluyeron técnicas osteopáticas de ambos codos, que consistieron en bombeos, técnicas articulatorias y manipulación. Resultados: tras 8 sesiones de tratamiento se alcanzó una importante reducción del dolor (2/10 en EVA) y normalización de la exploración. Conclusiones: la aplicación de un tratamiento fisioterapéutico consistente en iontoforesis, tratamiento manual, ejercicios de flexibilización durante 4 sesiones, seguido de 4 sesiones en las que se realiza además tratamiento con técnicas osteopáticas consistentes en bombeos, técnicas articulatorias y manipulación, ha demostrado, en este caso clínico, ser de gran utilidad en la resolución de los síntomas de la paciente. Dados los escasos efectos secundarios de este tratamiento, pensamos que podría plantearse como una opción terapéutica previa al tratamiento quirúrgico(AU)

Objectives: Describe the application of osteopathic techniques in the physiotherapytreatment of a case of De Quervain Disease.Patient and method: A 29-year old woman who had bilateral De Quervain Disease of 8month’s evolution. The patient reported constant pain, scoring 7/10 intensity on the VisualAnalogue Scale (VAS). Mobility was conserved. Muscular balance was painful for extensionand abduction of the thumb and Filkenstein test was positive for bilateral involvement.The osteopathic tests showed a lesion in the anterior position in the right elbow and posterior one in the left elbow. The treatment consisted of iontophoresis with dichlofenac,active exercises and manual treatment of elasticity of the muscles affected. After the 5th sessions, osteopathic techniques for both elbows were included. These consisted inpumping, articulation and manipulation techniques.Results: There was a significant reduction in pain after 8 treatment sessions (2/10 onVAS), normalization being found in the examination.Conclusions: Application of a physiotherapy treatment, that consisted in iontophoresis,manual treatment, flexibility exercises for 4 sessions, followed by 4 sessions in which treatment was performed with osteopathic techniques, that consisted in pumping, articulation and manipulation techniques, has been demonstrated to be of great use in this clinical case to resolve the patient’s symptoms. Given the scarce side effects of thistreatment, we consider that it should be proposed as a therapeutic option prior to surgical treatment(AU)

INDISIM-YEAST: an individual-based simulator on a website for experimenting and investigating diverse dynamics of yeast populations in liquid media.

Simulation modelling can be used to capture and mimic real-world microbial systems that, unlike the real-world, can then be experimented upon as a new kind of experimental milieu. Individual-based models, in which individuals interact dynamically with each other as structural elements in the model world, exemplify this view of simulation modelling. These models are more difficult to analyze, understand and communicate than traditional analytical models. It is good practice to provide executable versions that perform simulation results. INDISIM-YEAST, developed to deal with yeast populations in liquid media, models the evolution of a set of yeasts by setting up rules of behavior for each individual cell according to its own biological regulations and characteristics. The aim of this work is to develop and present a website from which INDISIM-YEAST is accessible, and how to carry out yeast simulations to further the skills associated with the use of this individual-based simulator. A good and useful way to analyze this yeast simulator is to experiment and explore the manner in which it reacts to changes in parameter values, initial conditions or assumptions. The application results in a very versatile program that could be used in controlled simulation experiments via the Internet.