RESUMO
Introducción: el intervalo QTc prolongado ha sido identificado como factor de riesgo en arritmias ventriculares e incluso muerte súbita. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de QTc prolongado en pacientes internados. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo que incluyó 123 pacientes internados en el Servicio de Clínica Médica y salas de urgencias del Hospital Nacional en 2014. Se consideró como QTc prolongado un valor > 0,44 seg en varones y >0,46 seg en mujeres en 4 derivaciones: aVL, DII, V5 y V6. Resultados: la prevalencia de QTc prolongado fue 26%, con predominio del sexo masculino (71%). La principal comorbilidad asociada fue la diabetes mellitus. Los electrolitos K+, Ca+2, Mg+ estaban bajos en la mayoría de estos afectados. El 16% de los pacientes con QTc prolongado terminaron en óbito. Conclusiones: se halló alta prevalencia de QTc prolongado (26%). Se requieren estudios más complejos para determinar la asociación de esta patología con las comorbilidades, los cuadros neurológicos, el uso de medicamentos y las alteraciones de los electrolitos detectadas.
Introduction: The prolonged QTc interval has been identified as a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and even sudden death. Objective: To establish the prevalence of prolonged QTc in hospitalized patients. Methodology: Prospective descriptive observational study that included 123 patients hospitalized in the Service of Medical Clinic and urgency rooms of the National Hospital in 2014. A value > 0.44 seg in men and >0.46 seg in women for 4 derivations: aVL, DII, V5 and V6Se were considered as prolonged QTc. Results: The prevalence of QTc was 26% with a predominance of men (71%). The main associated comorbidity was diabetes mellitus. K+, Ca+2 and Mg+ electrolytes were low in most patients. A 16% of the patients with prolonged QTc died. Conclusions: A high prevalence (26%) of prolonged Qtc was found. More complex studies are required to determine the association of this pathology with the comorbidities, neurological symptoms, use of medicines and alteration of electrolytes detected.
RESUMO
In spite of potentially being an important source of rhizobial diversity and a key determinant of common bean productivity, there is a paucity of data on Rhizobium genetic variation and species composition in the important bean producing area of Chile and only one species has been documented (Rhizobium leguminosarum). In this study, 240 Rhizobium isolates from Torcaza bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) nodules established in the highest bean producing area in Chile (33°34'S-70°38'W and 37°36'S-71°47'W) were characterized by PCR-RFLP markers for nodC gene, revealing eight banding patterns with the polymorphic enzyme Hinf I. The locality of San Agustín de Aurora in Central Chile (35°32'S-71°29'W) had the highest level of diversity. Isolates were classified by species using PCR-RFLP markers for 16S rDNA gene and were confirmed by sequencing an internal fragment of the 16S rDNA gene. The results confirmed the presence of R. leguminosarum and three other species of rhizobia nodulating beans in South Central Chile (R. etli, R. tropici and R. leucaenae). R. tropici and R. leucaenae showed the least genetic variation and were most commonly identified in acid soils, while R. etli was the most common species in slightly acidic to moderately alkaline soils, with higher levels of organic matter content. R. leguminosarum was identified in almost all soils, was the most genetically diverse, and was the most common, being documented in soils with pH that ranged between 5.3 and 8.2, and with organic matter content between 2.1 and 4 %.
