Combining morphological and functional imaging parameters to diagnose primary bone neoplasms in the skull base, spine and sacrum.

PURPOSE: Morphological magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) features are used in combination with histology for diagnosis and treatment selection of primary bone neoplasms. Isolated functional MRI parameters have shown potential in diagnosis. Our goal is to facilitate diagnosis of primary bone neoplasms of the skull base, mobile spine and sacrum, by a comprehensive approach, combining morphological and functional imaging parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pre-treatment MR of 80 patients with histologically proven diagnosis of a primary bone neoplasm of the skull base, mobile spine and sacrum were retrospectively analyzed for morphological and functional MRI parameters. Functional parameters were measured in 4 circular regions of interest per tumor placed on non-adjacent scan slices. Differences in values of functional parameters between different histologies were analyzed with Dunn's test. RESULTS: Chordomas were the predominant histology (60.0%). Most neoplasms (80.0%) originated in the midline and had geographical (78.2%) bone destruction. Amorphous-type calcification (pre-existing bone) was seen only in chordomas. Homogeneous contrast enhancement pattern was seen only in chondrosarcoma and plasmacytoma. Ktrans and Kep were significantly lower in both chordoma, and chondrosarcoma compared to giant cell tumor of the bone (p = 0.006 - 0.011), and plasmacytoma (p = 0.004 - 0.014). Highest diffusion-weighted MRI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values corresponded to chondrosarcoma and were significantly higher to those of chordoma (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: We identified the most discriminating morphological parameters and added functional MR parameters based on histopathological features that are useful in making a confident diagnosis of primary bone neoplasms in the skull base, mobile spine and sacrum.

[Homelessness as a determinant of health and its impact on quality of life]. / Sinhogarismo como determinante de la salud y su impacto en la calidad de vida.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the health status of the homeless population who spend the night on the streets and in shelters (extreme residential exclusion), with reference to their quality of life, self-perceived health, comorbidity and access to health resources. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 263 homeless people in the city of Valencia by means of a nocturnal count and using the EQ-5D-3L Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire and questions from the European Quality of Life Survey for Spain. RESULTS: Of the people who participated in the study, 129 of them slept outdoors, 49% (62.79% men, 19.37% women and 17.84% unidentified), while 134 slept in hostels, i.e. 51% (67.16% men and 32.84% women) with an estimated average age of 41.53 years and 55% had been living on the street for less than 12 months. People staying overnight on the streets presented worse quality of life and more than a quarter of the sample lacked a health card. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between homelessness and poor health conditions in terms of quality of life, perceived health, comorbidity and accessibility to health to resources. The inverse care law is evidenced.

18F-Sodium fluoride PET-CT visualizes disease activity in chronic nonbacterial osteitis in adults.

Chronic nonbacterial osteitis (CNO) is a rare disease spectrum, which lacks biomarkers for disease activity. Sodium fluoride-18 positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]NaF-PET/CT) is a sensitive imaging tool for bone diseases and yields quantitative data on bone turnover. We evaluated the capacities of [18F]NaF-PET/CT to provide structural and functional assessment in adult CNO. A coss-sectional study was performed including 43 adult patients with CNO and 16 controls (patients referred for suspected, but not diagnosed with CNO) who underwent [18F]NaF-PET/CT at our expert clinic. Structural features were compared between patients and controls, and maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax [g/mL]) were calculated for bone lesions, soft tissue/joint lesions, and reference bone. SUVmax was correlated with clinical disease activity in patients. Structural assessment revealed manubrial and costal sclerosis/hyperostosis and calcification of the costoclavicular ligament as typical features associated with CNO. SUVmax of CNO lesions was higher compared with in-patient reference bone (mean paired difference: 11.4; 95% CI: 9.4-13.5; p < .001) and controls (mean difference: 12.4; 95%CI: 9.1-15.8; p < .001). The highest SUVmax values were found in soft tissue and joint areas such as the costoclavicular ligament and manubriosternal joint, and these correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients (correlation coefficient: 0.546; p < .002). Our data suggest that [18F]NaF-PET/CT is a promising imaging tool for adult CNO, allowing for detailed structural evaluation of its typical bone, soft-tissue, and joint features. At the same time, [18F]NaF-PET/CT yields quantitative bone remodeling data that represent the pathologically increased bone turnover and the process of new bone formation. Further studies should investigate the application of quantified [18F]NaF uptake as a novel biomarker for disease activity in CNO, and its utility to steer clinical decision making.

Sinhogarismo como determinante de la salud y su impacto en la calidad de vida / Homelessness as a determinant of health and its impact on quality of life

Objetivo Conocer el estado de salud de la población sin hogar en situación residencial extrema (pernocta en la calle o en un albergue), en referencia a su calidad de vida, salud autopercibida, comorbilidad y acceso a recursos sanitarios. Método Sobre la muestra de 263 personas en situación de sinhogarismo se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la ciudad de Valencia por medio de recuento nocturno y haciendo uso del Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud EQ-5D-3L y de preguntas de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida Europea para España. Resultados De las personas que participaron en el estudio, 129 dormían a la intemperie, un 49% (62,79% hombres, 19,37% mujeres y 17,84% sin identificar), mientras que 134 pernoctaron en albergues, lo que supone el 51% (67,16% hombres y 32,84% mujeres). La media de edad estimada era de 41,53 años y el 55% de ellas residían en la calle desde hacía menos de 12 meses. Las personas que pernoctaban en la calle presentaron peor calidad de vida, y más de una cuarta parte de la muestra carece de tarjeta sanitaria. Conclusiones Existe una relación entre la falta de vivienda y las condiciones de salud deficientes referidas a la calidad de vida, la salud percibida, la comorbilidad y la accesibilidad a los recursos sanitarios. Se evidencia la ley de cuidados inversos. (AU)

Objective To determine the health status of the homeless population who spend the night on the streets and in shelters (extreme residential exclusion), with reference to their quality of life, self-perceived health, comorbidity and access to health resources. Method A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 263 homeless people in the city of Valencia by means of a nocturnal count and using the EQ-5D-3L Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire and questions from the European Quality of Life Survey for Spain. Results Of the people who participated in the study, 129 of them slept outdoors, 49% (62.79% men, 19.37% women and 17.84% unidentified), while 134 slept in hostels, i.e. 51% (67.16% men and 32.84% women) with an estimated average age of 41.53 years and 55% had been living on the street for less than 12 months. People staying overnight on the streets presented worse quality of life and more than a quarter of the sample lacked a health card. Conclusions There is a relationship between homelessness and poor health conditions in terms of quality of life, perceived health, comorbidity and accessibility to health to resources. The inverse care law is evidenced. (AU)

MRI of diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumour in the knee: a guide for diagnosis and treatment response assessment.

Tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) is a rare soft-tissue tumour originating from synovial lining of joints, bursae and tendon sheaths. The tumour comprises two subtypes: the localised-type (L-TGCT) is characterised by a single, well-defined lesion, whereas the diffuse-type (D-TGCT) consists of multiple lesions without clear margins. D-TGCT was previously known as pigmented villonodular synovitis. Although benign, TGCT can behave locally aggressive, especially the diffuse-type. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice to diagnose TGCT and discriminate between subtypes. MRI can also provide a preoperative map before synovectomy, the mainstay of treatment. Finally, since the arrival of colony-stimulating factor 1-receptor inhibitors, a novel systemic therapy for D-TGCT patients with relapsed or inoperable disease, MRI is key in assessing treatment response. As recurrence after treatment of D-TGCT occurs more often than in L-TGCT, follow-up imaging plays an important role in D-TGCT. Reading follow-up MRIs of these diffuse synovial tumours may be a daunting task. Therefore, this educational review focuses on MRI findings in D-TGCT of the knee, which represents the most involved joint site (approximately 70% of patients). We aim to provide a systematic approach to assess the knee synovial recesses, highlight D-TGCT imaging findings, and combine these into a structured report. In addition, differential diagnoses mimicking D-TGCT, potential pitfalls and evaluation of tumour response following systemic therapies are discussed. Finally, we propose automated volumetric quantification of D-TGCT as the next step in quantitative treatment response assessment as an alternative to current radiological assessment criteria.

Breast cancer: essential attributes of Primary Health Care in a border region / Câncer de mama: atributos essenciais na atenção primária à saúde em região de fronteira

Introduction: Breast cancer in Brazil is considered a public health problem, as it represents one of the main causes of death in female population. Objective: To analyze the presence of essential attributes of Primary Health Care in border region in the context of care for women with breast cancer. Methods: This is a qualitative research based on the Complexity Paradigm, held in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Thematic analysis was chosen as a technique to analyze the material produced. Results: The following categories emerged: Barriers to access services for women with breast cancer; (De)constructing the bond: women, professionals and health services; Fragmented care, focused on the biological: interference for comprehensiveness; and (Dis)coordination of care for women with breast cancer within the public health system. Conclusion: The essential attributes of Primary Health Care were not present in their entirety for care for women with breast cancer, as difficulties in accessing primary care services, weaknesses in the construction and strengthening of bonds due to discontinuity of care were reported, attributed to the incipient coordination within the public health system. It points to the need to implement care strategies, with behavioral, functional and structural changes in health services at the border.

Introdução: O câncer de mama no Brasil é considerado um problema de saúde pública, por representar uma das principais causas de mortes na população feminina. Objetivo: Analisar a presença dos atributos essenciais da atenção primária à saúde na região de fronteira no contexto do cuidado à mulher com câncer de mama. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa baseada no Paradigma da Complexidade, realizada em Foz do Iguaçu-PR. Conduziram-se entrevistas em profundidade com 13 mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama. Elegeu-se a Análise Temática como técnica para analisar o material produzido. Resultados: Emergiram as categorias: Barreiras para o acesso aos serviços para atenção à mulher com câncer de mama; (Des)construindo o vínculo: mulheres, profissionais e serviços de saúde; Cuidado fragmentado, focado no biológico: interferência para a integralidade; e (Des)coordenação da atenção à mulher com câncer de mama no âmbito do sistema público de saúde. Conclusão: Os atributos essenciais da atenção primária não estiveram presentes em sua totalidade para o cuidado à mulher com câncer de mama, visto que foram reportadas dificuldades para o acesso nos serviços de atenção primária, fragilidades na construção e fortalecimento do vínculo pela descontinuidade do cuidado, atribuído à incipiência da coordenação no âmbito do sistema público de saúde. Aponta-se para a necessidade de implementar estratégias de cuidados, com transformações comportamentais, funcionais e estruturais nos serviços de saúde na fronteira.

Computed tomography-based preoperative muscle measurements as prognostic factors for anastomotic leakage following oncological sigmoid and rectal resections.

BACKGROUND: Oncological sigmoid and rectal resections are accompanied with substantial risk of anastomotic leakage. Preoperative risk assessment and patient selection remain difficult, highlighting the importance of finding easy-to-use parameters. This study evaluates the prognostic value of contrast-enhanced (CE) computed tomography (CT)-based muscle measurements for predicting anastomotic leakage. METHODS: Patients that underwent oncological sigmoid and rectal resections in the LUMC between 2016 and 2020 were included. Preoperative CE-CT scans, were analyzed using Vitrea software to measure total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) and total psoas area (TPA). Muscle areas were standardized using patient's height into: psoas muscle index (PMI) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) (cm2 /m2 ). RESULTS: In total 46 patients were included, of which 13 (8.9%) suffered from anastomotic leakage. Patients with anastomotic leakage had a significantly lower PMI (22.1 vs. 25.1, p < 0.01) and SMI (41.8 vs. 46.6, p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders (age and comorbidity), lower PMI (odds ratio [OR]: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-0.99, p = 0.03) and SMI (OR: 0.93, 95%CI 0.86-0.99, p = 0.02) were both associated with anastomotic leakage. CONCLUSION: This study showed that lower PMI and SMI were associated with anastomotic leakage. These results indicate that preoperative CT-based muscle measurements can be used as prognostic factor for risk stratification for anastomotic leakage.

Conhecimento de acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre a vacina contra o papilomavírus humano / Conocimientos de académicos de enfermería sobre la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano / Nursing students' knowledge on the human papillomavirus vaccine

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento entre acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre a vacina contra o papilomavírus humano e comparar os resultados obtidos entre estudantes do primeiro e do último ano de graduação. Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, realizado entre maio e junho de 2019. Aplicado questionário a 179 estudantes do curso de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo, contendo dados sociodemográficos e outro sobre o conhecimento do papilomavírus humano e a vacina contra o mesmo. Dados foram analisados através do programa Statistical Packcage for Social Science. Resultados 82,4% dos estudantes do primeiro ano e 95,5% do último responderam que sabiam o que é o papilomavírus humano, e afirmaram ser um vírus sexualmente transmissível. Lacunas de conhecimento foram identificadas, quanto à finalidade do exame citopatológico, aos fatores de risco relacionados à infecção e relacionados à vacina, como número de doses e possíveis riscos e benefícios da mesma. Conclusão Apesar de os acadêmicos demonstrarem conhecimento quanto ao papilomavírus humano, sua transmissibilidade e relação direta com o câncer do colo do útero, ainda apresentaram dúvidas importantes que devem ser sanadas, quanto à finalidade do exame citopatológico, aos fatores de risco para infecção pelo vírus e em relação à vacina contra o papilomavírus humano.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los conocimientos de académicos de enfermería sobre la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano y comparar los resultados obtenidos de estudiantes del primer y del último año de carrera. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo realizado entre mayo y junio de 2019. Cuestionario aplicado a 179 estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería de una universidad pública del estado de São Paulo, que contenía datos sociodemográficos, y otro sobre conocimientos del virus del papiloma humano y su vacuna. Los datos fueron analizados a través del programa Statistical Packcage for Social Science. Resultados El 82,4 % de los estudiantes de primer año y el 95,5 % del último respondieron que sabían lo que es el virus del papiloma humano y afirmaron que es un virus sexualmente transmisible. Se identificaron vacíos de conocimiento respecto a la finalidad del estudio citológico, a los factores de riesgo relacionados con la infección y con la vacuna, como número de dosis y sus posibles riesgos y beneficios. Conclusión A pesar de que los académicos demostraron conocimientos respecto al virus del papiloma humano, su transmisión y relación directa con el cáncer de cuello uterino, también presentaron dudas importantes que deben ser aclaradas sobre la finalidad del estudio citológico, los factores de riesgo de la infección por el virus y sobre la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano.

Abstract Objective To assess nursing students' knowledge on the human papillomavirus vaccine and compare the results obtained among students of the first and last year of graduation. Methods This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study, conducted between May and June 2019. A questionnaire was applied to 179 nursing students from a public university in the state of São Paulo, containing sociodemographic data and another on knowledge of human papillomavirus and the vaccine against it. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Packcage for Social Science. Results 82.4% of first-year students and 95.5% of last-year students answered that they knew what human papillomavirus is, claiming to be a sexually transmitted virus. Knowledge gaps were identified regarding the purpose of cytopathological examination, risk factors related to infection and related to the vaccine, such as number of doses and possible risks and benefits of it. Conclusion Although students demonstrated knowledge on human papillomavirus, its transmissibility and direct relationship with cervical cancer, they still presented important doubts that should be answered, regarding the purpose of the cytopathological examination, the risk factors for infection by the virus and in relation to the vaccine against the human papillomavirus.

Endometriose: associação entre qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e dor / Endometriosis: association between health-related quality of life and symptoms of anxiety, depression and pain

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de mulheres com endometriose (EDM) e investigar se há associação de QVRS com variáveis sociodemográficas, histórico de saúde, ansiedade, depressão e dor. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de corte transversal e de caráter descritivo correlacional, desenvolvido em um ambulatório de ginecologia e dor pélvica de um hospital público, localizado no interior de São Paulo. Participaram de 35 mulheres. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos para coleta de dados: Questionário de dados sociodemográficos e dados clínicos; Endometriosis Health Profile Questionnaire (EHP-30); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale- HADS; Escala Visual Numérica (EVN). Para avaliarmos associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, utilizamos os testes não paramétricos Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Para avaliarmos a correlação da QVRS com os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão utilizamos o Teste de Correlação de Spearman. Já para avaliarmos associação entre QVRS e dor, foi utilizado o teste não paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis. O nível de significância foi de α=0,05. Houve prejuízos na QVRS (pontuação média= 68,9) e as maiores médias de prejuízos foram nas seção sobre relações sexuais (pontuação média= 68,2) e seção sobre tratamento (pontuação média= 64,2). Não houve associação entre QVRS e variáveis sociodemográficas e histórico de saúde. As participantes apresentavam sintomas de ansiedade e depressão - média para a subescala de ansiedade = 9,2 pontos (DP=4,9); média para a subescala de depressão = 8,8 pontos (DP=4,6). Não houve associação entre QVRS e sintomas de ansiedade (p=0,064) (pontuação média = 9,2). Houve associação entre QVRS e sintomas de Depressão (p= 0,001) (pontuação média = 8,8). Houve associação entre QVRS e dor (p= < 0,001). Os achados deste estudo corroboraram dados da literatura, evidenciando a EDM como uma doença crônica, debilitante e que interfere negativamente na qualidade de vida das mulheres que a apresentam. Diante de sua sintomatologia exacerbada requer, além de uma avaliação minuciosa de suas causas e do impacto para a paciente, a implementação de adequadas estratégias terapêuticas farmacológicas, cirúrgicas e psicológicas

The aim of the present study was to assess the HRQoL of women with EDM and investigate whether there are associations between HRQL and sociodemographic variables, health history, anxiety, depression and pain. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive and correlational study, developed in a gynecology and pelvic pain outpatient clinic of a hospital located in the interior of São Paulo. A total of 35 women participated in the study. The following instruments were used for data collection: Sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire; Endometriosis Health Profile Questionnaire (EHP-30); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS; Visual Numerical Scale (EVN). To assess the association between sociodemographic and clinical variables, we used the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. To assess the correlation of HRQoL with symptoms of anxiety and depression, we used the Spearman Correlation Test. In order to assess the association between HRQoL and pain, the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used. The level of significance was α = 0.05. There were losses in HRQOL (mean score = 68.9) and the highest means of losses were in the section on sexual intercourse (mean score = 68.2) and section on treatment (mean score = 64.2). There was no association between HRQoL and sociodemographic variables and health history. Participants had symptoms of anxiety and depression - mean for the anxiety subscale = 9.2 points (SD = 4.9); mean for the depression subscale = 8.8 points (SD = 4.6). There was no association between HRQL and anxiety symptoms (p = 0.064) (mean score = 9.2). There was an association between HRQL and symptoms of depression (p = 0.001) (mean score = 8.8). There was an association between HRQL and pain (p = <0.001). The findings of this study corroborate literature data, showing EDM as a chronic, debilitating disease that negatively interferes with the quality of life of women who have it

Kinematics and muscle activation in subacromial pain syndrome patients and asymptomatic controls.

BACKGROUND: Conflicting theories exist about the underlying cause of chronic subacromial pain in the middle-aged population. We aim to improve our understanding of kinematics and muscle activation in subacromial pain syndrome to provide insight in its pathophysiology. METHODS: In a cross-sectional comparison of 40 patients with subacromial pain syndrome and 30 asymptomatic controls, three-dimensional shoulder kinematics and electromyography-based co-contraction in 10 shoulder muscles were independently recorded. Glenohumeral and scapulothoracic kinematics were evaluated during abduction and forward flexion. Co-contraction was expressed as an activation ratio, specifying the relative agonistic and antagonistic muscle activity in each muscle. FINDINGS: During abduction and forward flexion, the contribution of glenohumeral motion to elevation and glenohumeral external rotation was lower in subacromial pain syndrome (at 1200 abduction: -9°, 95% CI -14°- -3°; and - 8°, 95% CI -13°--3°, respectively), and was compensated by more scapulothoracic motion. The pectoralis major's activation ratio was significantly lower (Z-score: -2.657, P = 0.008) and teres major's activation ratio significantly higher (Z-score: -4.088, P < 0.001) in patients with subacromial pain syndrome compared to the control group. INTERPRETATION: Reduced glenohumeral elevation and external rotation in subacromial pain syndrome coincided with less teres major antagonistic activity during elevation. These biomechanical findings provide a scientific basis for intervention studies directed at stretching exercises to reduce glenohumeral stiffness in the treatment of subacromial pain syndrome, and teres major strengthening to improve humeral head depressor function.

Sternocostoclavicular Hyperostosis: Positive Clinical and Radiological Response on Pamidronate.

Background: Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis (SCCH) is a rare disease, constituting a chronic sterile osteomyelitis with elevated bone turnover in the axial skeleton, causing pain and shoulder dysfunction. SCCH severely interferes with daily activities, work, and quality of life. SCCH has a relapse-remitting disease course, but inflammatory-induced sclerotic transformation in the affected area is slowly progressive. Here we present two patients with clinical and radiological diagnosis of SCCH treated with intravenous pamidronate, leading to clinical remission in both, but complete resolution of sclerosis in one of them, which is a novel finding in our experience. Case Presentation: Two adult female SCCH-patients presented with longstanding pain, swelling of the anterior chest wall, and compromised shoulder function. Subsequent single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT/CT) illustrated elevated bone activity and sclerosis in the SC region, with hyperostosis, confirming the diagnosis of SCCH. As symptoms in both patients were eventually refractory to standard painkillers such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), intravenous pamidronate treatment in 3-month cycles was started. Pamidronate was effective in reducing pain and improving shoulder function and also led to decreased bone turnover on skeletal scintigraphy. Sclerosis in the first patient persisted. In the second patient, however, a complete resolution of sclerosis was observed. Conclusions: SCCH remains a rare bone disorder for which no evidence-based therapies are yet available. While disease burden is high, SCCH lacks recognition and is often diagnosed long after symptomatic presentation. As for the cases in this report, pamidronate was successful in reducing symptoms, and in the second case even led to regression of sclerotic changes on CT-imaging.

Assistência de enfermagem em núcleo de reabilitação: o papel do enfermeiro / Nursing care in the rehabilitation center: the nurse's role / Atención de enfermería en un centro de rehabilitación: el papel de enfermería

Objetivo: reconhecer como mastectomizadas descrevem e compreendem os cuidados de enfermagem que recebem em um núcleo de reabilitação. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo; realizado em um núcleo de reabilitação. Participaram 26 mastectomizadas, com 18 anos ou mais, que frequentavam o serviço há um ano, no mínimo, e pelo menos uma vez ao mês. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas abertas, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: surgiram quatro categorias: reconhecendo a enfermagem e sua importância no cuidado em saúde de mulheres com câncer de mama; a enfermagem organizando e planejando as atividades assistenciais, sociais e de lazer; a enfermagem liderando o grupo verbal e a enfermagem cuidando e acolhendo. Conclusão: As participantes reconhecem a enfermagem como indispensável na equipe multiprofissional que lhes presta assistência; que são acolhidas e assistidas de forma satisfatória, tanto física como emocionalmente e que isso se deve à organização e gerenciamento de todas as atividades por uma enfermeira.

Objective: to recognize how women describe and understand the nursing care they receive in a rehabilitation center following mastectomy. Method: this qualitative, descriptive study was conducted at a rehabilitation center, with 26 patients, aged 18 or over, who had undergone mastectomy and attended the service at least once a month for at least one year. Data were collected by open interviews, after ethics commission approval. Results: four categories emerged: recognizing nursing and its importance in health care for women with breast cancer; nurses organizing and planning care, social and leisure activities; nurses leading the verbal group; and nurses providing care and comfort. Conclusion: The participants recognized that nursing was indispensable to the multi-professional team providing care, that they were welcomed and assisted satisfactorily, both physically and emotionally, and that this was due to a nurse's organizing and managing all activities.

Objetivo: reconocer cómo las mujeres describen y comprenden los cuidados de enfermería que reciben en un centro de rehabilitación tras una mastectomía. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, realizado en un centro de rehabilitación, con 26 pacientes, de 18 o más años, que se habían sometido a mastectomía y acudieron al servicio al menos una vez al mes durante al menos un año. Los datos se recopilaron mediante entrevistas abiertas, después de la aprobación de la comisión de ética. Resultados: surgieron cuatro categorías: reconocimiento de la enfermería y su importancia en la atención de la salud de las mujeres con cáncer de mama; enfermeras que organizan y planifican actividades asistenciales, sociales y de ocio; enfermeras que lideran el grupo verbal; y enfermeras que brindan atención y comodidad. Conclusión: Los participantes reconocieron que la enfermería era indispensable para el equipo multiprofesional que brindaba los cuidados, que fueron recibidos y atendidos de manera satisfactoria, tanto física como emocionalmente, y que esto se debía a que una enfermera organizaba y gestionaba todas las actividades.

A prática sexual de mulheres jovens em tratamento para o câncer de mama / La práctica sexual de mujeres jóvenes en tratamiento para el cáncer de mama / The sexual practice of young women in treatment for breast cancer

Resumo Objetivo compreender como ocorre a prática sexual (PS) de mulheres jovens com câncer de mama. Método pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando o Interacionismo Simbólico e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre outubro de 2017 e agosto de 2019, em dois Centros de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia, seguindo-se um roteiro semiestruturado para entrevista. A pergunta norteadora foi: "Fale-me como era e como ficou agora sua vida sexual após o diagnóstico do câncer". Participaram 13 mulheres com companheiro sexual desde o diagnóstico da doença. Resultados primeiro diagrama: a prática sexual é afetada devido ao diagnóstico e tratamentos para a doença; segundo diagrama: fatores que contribuem para sua retomada são o apoio social e afetivo (principalmente); diagrama da categoria central: o companheiro (apoio afetivo) é o protagonista da rede de relacionamentos. Conclusão A PS é afetada pela doença/tratamentos e sua retomada ocorre mediante apoio do companheiro. Implicações para a prática: É necessário abordar sobre PS na assistência em saúde, evitando o distanciamento do casal, diminuindo as angústias e dúvidas das mulheres nesta condição.

Resumen Objetivo Comprender cómo ocurre la práctica sexual (PS) de mujeres jóvenes con cáncer de mama. Método Investigación cualitativa; que utilizó el Interaccionismo Simbólico y la Teoría Fundamentada en Datos. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar entre octubre de 2017 y agosto de 2019 en dos centros de alta complejidad en oncología, utilizando un guion semiestructurado para las entrevistas. La pregunta guía fue: "Dime cómo era y cómo está tu vida sexual después del diagnóstico de cáncer". Participaron trece mujeres con pareja sexual desde el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Resultados Primer diagrama: la práctica sexual se ve afectada debido al diagnóstico y los tratamientos para la enfermedad; Segundo diagrama: los factores que contribuyen a su reanudación son el apoyo social y afectivo (principalmente); Diagrama de categoría central: el compañero (soporte afectivo) es el protagonista de la red de relaciones. Conclusión La PS es afectada por la enfermedad/los tratamientos y su continuación se produce con el apoyo de la pareja. Implicaciones para la práctica: Es necesario abordar la EP en la atención médica, evitando el alejamiento entre la pareja, reduciendo la angustia y las dudas de las mujeres en esta condición.

Abstract Objective To understand how the sexual practice (SP) of young women with breast cancer occurs. Method: Qualitative research; that used Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory. Data collection took place between October/2017 and August/2019 in two Centers of High Complexity in Oncology, using a semi-structured guide for interviews. The guiding question was: "Tell me what it was like and what your sex life is like now after the cancer diagnosis". Participated thirteen women with a sexual partner since the diagnosis of the disease. Results: First diagram: sexual practice is affected due to diagnosis and treatments for the disease; Second diagram: factors that contribute to its resumption are social and (mainly) affective support; Central category diagram: the companion (affective support) is the protagonist of the relationship network. Conclusion: SP is affected by the disease/treatments and its resumption occurs with the support of the partner. Implications for practice: It is necessary to address SP in health care, avoiding the distance between of the couple, reducing the anxieties and doubts of women in this condition.

Status of transition care in inflammatory bowel disease in Spain. Different medical perspectives

Introduction: transition is important for a successful follow-up of adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objectives of the study were to establish the situation of transition in Spain and to identify needs, requirements and barriers to transition from pediatric and adult gastroenterologist perspectives. Methods: a structured survey for self-completion using the REDCap platform was distributed via the Spanish Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP) and the Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU). The questionnaire contained closed and ranked questions concerning transition, perceived needs, organizational, clinician and patient related barriers to transition. Results: one hundred and forty surveys were answered, 53% in pediatrics (PG) and 47% from adult gastroenterologists (AG) among 90 hospitals; 66% of them were reference centers. There was a higher response from pediatricians (18.2%) versus adult gastroenterologists (8.3%) (p = 0.03). A structured transition program is adequate in 42.2% centers. A well-structured transition was perceived as very important by 79.5% of PG and 63% of AG (p = 0.03). A higher proportion of both groups identified inadequacies in the preparation of adolescents for transfer (43% and 38%, p = ns). The main deficit areas were the lack of knowledge about disease and treatment as well as the lack of self-advocacy and care coordination. Lack of resources, time and critical mass of patients were the highest ranked barriers by both groups. AG and PG (54% and 55%) highlighted suboptimal training in adolescent medicine. Conclusions: in Spain, nearly half of the centers have developed a structured transition program. Lack of training, time and insufficient resources are the main barriers for a successful transition

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Status of transition care in inflammatory bowel disease in Spain. Different medical perspectives.

INTRODUCTION: transition is important for a successful follow-up of adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objectives of the study were to establish the situation of transition in Spain and to identify needs, requirements and barriers to transition from pediatric and adult gastroenterologist perspectives. METHODS: a structured survey for self-completion using the REDCap platform was distributed via the Spanish Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP) and the Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU). The questionnaire contained closed and ranked questions concerning transition, perceived needs, organizational, clinician and patient related barriers to transition. RESULTS: one hundred and forty surveys were answered, 53% in pediatrics (PG) and 47% from adult gastroenterologists (AG) among 90 hospitals; 66% of them were reference centers. There was a higher response from pediatricians (18.2%) versus adult gastroenterologists (8.3%) (p = 0.03). A structured transition program is adequate in 42.2% centers. A well-structured transition was perceived as very important by 79.5% of PG and 63% of AG (p = 0.03). A higher proportion of both groups identified inadequacies in the preparation of adolescents for transfer (43% and 38%, p = ns). The main deficit areas were the lack of knowledge about disease and treatment as well as the lack of self-advocacy and care coordination. Lack of resources, time and critical mass of patients were the highest ranked barriers by both groups. AG and PG (54% and 55%) highlighted suboptimal training in adolescent medicine. CONCLUSIONS: in Spain, nearly half of the centers have developed a structured transition program. Lack of training, time and insufficient resources are the main barriers for a successful transition.

Age-specific biological and molecular profiling distinguishes paediatric from adult acute myeloid leukaemias.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) affects children and adults of all ages. AML remains one of the major causes of death in children with cancer and for children with AML relapse is the most common cause of death. Here, by modelling AML in vivo we demonstrate that AML is discriminated by the age of the cell of origin. Young cells give rise to myeloid, lymphoid or mixed phenotype acute leukaemia, whereas adult cells give rise exclusively to AML, with a shorter latency. Unlike adult, young AML cells do not remodel the bone marrow stroma. Transcriptional analysis distinguishes young AML by the upregulation of immune pathways. Analysis of human paediatric AML samples recapitulates a paediatric immune cell interaction gene signature, highlighting two genes, RGS10 and FAM26F as prognostically significant. This work advances our understanding of paediatric AML biology, and provides murine models that offer the potential for developing paediatric specific therapeutic strategies.

Searching for a Cell-Based Therapeutic Tool for Haemophilia A within the Embryonic/Foetal Liver and the Aorta-Gonads-Mesonephros Region.

The development of new strategies based on cell therapy approaches to correct haemophilia A (HA) requires further insights into new cell populations capable of producing coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) and presenting stable engraftment potential. The major producers of FVIII in the adult are liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and in a lesser degree bone marrow-derived cells, both of which have been shown to ameliorate the bleeding phenotype in adult HA mice after transplantation. We have previously shown that cells from the foetal liver (FL) and the aorta-gonads-mesonephros (AGM) haematopoietic locations possess higher LSEC engraftment potential in newborn mice compared with adult-derived LSECs, constituting likely therapeutic targets for the treatment of HA in neonates. However, less is known about the production of FVIII in embryonic locations. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to assess the relative level of FVIII production in different embryonic tissues and at various developmental stages, identifying the FL and AGM region from day 12 (E12) as prominent sources of FVIII. Furthermore, FL-derived VE-cad+CD45-Lyve1+/- endothelial/endothelial progenitor cells, presenting vascular engraftment potential, produced high levels of F8 ribonucleic acid compared with CD45+ blood progenitors or Dlk1+ hepatoblasts. In addition, we show that the E11 AGM explant cultures expanded cells with LSEC repopulation activity, instrumental to further understand signals for in vitro generation of LSECs. Taking into account the capacity for FVIII expression, culture expansion and newborn engraftment potential, these results support the use of cells with foetal characteristics for correction of FVIII deficiency in young individuals.

Role of the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene Wt1 in pancreatic development.

The Wilms tumor suppressor gene (Wt1) encodes a transcription factor involved in the development of a number of organs, but the role played by Wt1 in pancreatic development is unknown. The pancreas contains a population of pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) very important for pancreatic physiology. We described elsewhere that hepatic stellate cells originate from the WT1-expressing liver mesothelium. Thus, we checked if the origin of PSCs was similar. WT1 expression is restricted to the pancreatic mesothelium. Between embryonic day (E) 10.5 and E15.5, this mesothelium gives rise to mesenchymal cells that contribute to a major part of the PSC and other cell types including endothelial cells. Most WT1 systemic mutants show abnormal localization of the dorsal pancreas within the mesentery and intestinal malrotation by E14.0. Embryos with conditional deletion of WT1 between E9.5 and E12.5 showed normal dorsal pancreatic bud and intestine, but the number of acini in the ventral bud was reduced approximately 30% by E16.5. Proliferation of acinar cells was reduced in WT1 systemic mutants, but pancreatic differentiation was not impaired. Thus, mesothelial-derived cells constitute an important subpopulation of pancreatic mesodermal cells. WT1 expression is not essential for pancreas development, although it influences intestinal rotation and correct localization of the dorsal pancreas within the mesogastrium. Developmental Dynamics 247:924-933, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.