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1.
Biol Res ; 53(1): 15, 2020 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32299502

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Current South American populations trace their origins mainly to three continental ancestries, i.e. European, Amerindian and African. Individual variation in relative proportions of each of these ancestries may be confounded with socio-economic factors due to population stratification. Therefore, ancestry is a potential confounder variable that should be considered in epidemiologic studies and in public health plans. However, there are few studies that have assessed the ancestry of the current admixed Chilean population. This is partly due to the high cost of genome-scale technologies commonly used to estimate ancestry. In this study we have designed a small panel of SNPs to accurately assess ancestry in the largest sampling to date of the Chilean mestizo population (n = 3349) from eight cities. Our panel is also able to distinguish between the two main Amerindian components of Chileans: Aymara from the north and Mapuche from the south. RESULTS: A panel of 150 ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) of SNP type was selected to maximize ancestry informativeness and genome coverage. Of these, 147 were successfully genotyped by KASPar assays in 2843 samples, with an average missing rate of 0.012, and a 0.95 concordance with microarray data. The ancestries estimated with the panel of AIMs had relative high correlations (0.88 for European, 0.91 for Amerindian, 0.70 for Aymara, and 0.68 for Mapuche components) with those obtained with AXIOM LAT1 array. The country's average ancestry was 0.53 ± 0.14 European, 0.04 ± 0.04 African, and 0.42 ± 0.14 Amerindian, disaggregated into 0.18 ± 0.15 Aymara and 0.25 ± 0.13 Mapuche. However, Mapuche ancestry was highest in the south (40.03%) and Aymara in the north (35.61%) as expected from the historical location of these ethnic groups. We make our results available through an online app and demonstrate how it can be used to adjust for ancestry when testing association between incidence of a disease and nongenetic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: We have conducted the most extensive sampling, across many different cities, of current Chilean population. Ancestry varied significantly by latitude and human development. The panel of AIMs is available to the community for estimating ancestry at low cost in Chileans and other populations with similar ancestry.


Assuntos
Etnicidade/genética , Genética Populacional/organização & administração , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Grupos Populacionais/genética , Chile , Feminino , Frequência do Gene/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Genótipo , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Humanos , Masculino , Filogeografia , Saliva
2.
Biol. Res ; 53: 15, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1100921

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Current South American populations trace their origins mainly to three continental ancestries, i.e. European, Amerindian and African. Individual variation in relative proportions of each of these ancestries may be confounded with socio-economic factors due to population stratification. Therefore, ancestry is a potential confounder variable that should be considered in epidemiologic studies and in public health plans. However, there are few studies that have assessed the ancestry of the current admixed Chilean population. This is partly due to the high cost of genome-scale technologies commonly used to estimate ancestry. In this study we have designed a small panel of SNPs to accurately assess ancestry in the largest sampling to date of the Chilean mestizo population (n = 3349) from eight cities. Our panel is also able to distinguish between the two main Amerindian components of Chileans: Aymara from the north and Mapuche from the south. RESULTS: A panel of 150 ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) of SNP type was selected to maximize ancestry informativeness and genome coverage. Of these, 147 were successfully genotyped by KASPar assays in 2843 samples, with an average missing rate of 0.012, and a 0.95 concordance with microarray data. The ancestries estimated with the panel of AIMs had relative high correlations (0.88 for European, 0.91 for Amerindian, 0.70 for Aymara, and 0.68 for Mapuche components) with those obtained with AXIOM LAT1 array. The country's average ancestry was 0.53 ± 0.14 European, 0.04 ± 0.04 African, and 0.42 ± 0.14 Amerindian, disaggregated into 0.18 ± 0.15 Aymara and 0.25 ± 0.13 Mapuche. However, Mapuche ancestry was highest in the south (40.03%) and Aymara in the north (35.61%) as expected from the historical location of these ethnic groups. We make our results available through an online app and demonstrate how it can be used to adjust for ancestry when testing association between incidence of a disease and nongenetic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: We have conducted the most extensive sampling, across many different cities, of current Chilean population. Ancestry varied significantly by latitude and human development. The panel of AIMs is available to the community for estimating ancestry at low cost in Chileans and other populations with similar ancestry.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Etnicidade/genética , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Grupos Populacionais/genética , Genética Populacional/organização & administração , Saliva , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Chile , Filogeografia , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Frequência do Gene/genética , Genótipo
3.
Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) ; 13(3): 398-409, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22030993

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologically characterizing breast cancer in the Arica and Parinacota region in Chile and its evolution during 1997-2007. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed. All clinical histories for 306 cases of breast cancer were reviewed. All patients were detected through the Arica Juan Noé Crevani Hospital's Oncological Mammary Polyclinic from 1997 to 2007. A descriptive data analysis was made, followed by a tendency analysis. RESULTS: 51.3 % of the 306 cases studied were aged 46 to 65 years, 13.9 % being of Aymara ethnic origin. 70.2 % of the women involved in the study were climacteric, 98.4 % being without hormonal treatment. 12 % referred to having a family background of cancer, the sister being the most frequently referred to relative. 84.1 % had a histological diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, stage IIA being the most frequently occurring one (32.8 %). 31.6 % presented multiple metastases, 74.7 % of this group being aged 56 to 94. Time series analysis indicated an increasing incidence rate and decreasing mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: The Arica and Parinacota region of Chile presented an increasing tendency for new cases of breast cancer during the period being studied which was concentrated during the early stages of evolution. These findings could be explained by the early detection of breast cancer and the implementation of public health policy.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/genética , Carcinoma Lobular/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Lobular/genética , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Menopausa , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , História Reprodutiva , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Rev. salud pública ; 13(3): 398-409, jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-602883

RESUMO

Objetivo Caracterizar epidemiológicamente el cáncer de mama y su evolución en la Región de Arica y Parinacota para el decenio 1997- 2007, Chile Método Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tendencia. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 306 casos pesquisados, consultantes del Policlínico de Oncología Mamaria del Hospital en Red Dr. Juan Noé Crevani. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo univariado de cada variable estudiada y se evaluó la tendencia de la incidencia y mortalidad de cáncer de mama. Resultados De los 306 casos estudiados durante el periodo, el 51,3 por ciento tuvo entre 46 y 65 años de edad, siendo el 13,9 por ciento de origen Aymara. El 70,2 por ciento de las pacientes eran menopáusicas, 98,4 por ciento sin tratamiento hormonal. El 12 por ciento refirió tener antecedentes familiares, de los cuales la hermana fue lo más frecuente. El 84,1 por ciento tuvo el diagnostico de carcinoma ductal infiltrante, un 32,8 por ciento de estos en etapa IIA. De todos los casos, el 31,6 por ciento presentó metástasis múltiple, con 74,7 por ciento en un rango de edad entre of 56 a 94 años. El análisis de la serie indica una tendencia creciente de nuevos casos y una moderada tendencia a la diminución de la tasa de mortalidad. Conclusiones La Región de Arica y Parinacota de Chile, muestra una tendencia creciente absoluta y relativa de nuevos casos de cáncer de mama durante el decenio estudiado. Por otra parte, la tasa mortalidad tendió a la disminución en el periodo. Ambos situaciones se explicarían en parte por el diagnóstico precoz y las políticas de salud implementados.


Objective Epidemiologically characterizing breast cancer in the Arica and Parinacota region in Chile and its evolution during 1997-2007. Method A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed. All clinical histories for 306 cases of breast cancer were reviewed. All patients were detected through the Arica Juan Noé Crevani Hospital's Oncological Mammary Polyclinic from 1997 to 2007. A descriptive data analysis was made, followed by a tendency analysis. Results 51.3 percent of the 306 cases studied were aged 46 to 65 years, 13.9 percent being of Aymara ethnic origin. 70.2 percent of the women involved in the study were climacteric, 98.4 percent being without hormonal treatment. 12 percent referred to having a family background of cancer, the sister being the most frequently referred to relative. 84.1 percent had a histological diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, stage IIA being the most frequently occurring one (32.8 percent). 31.6 percent presented multiple metastases, 74.7 percent of this group being aged 56 to 94. Time series analysis indicated an increasing incidence rate and decreasing mortality rate. Conclusions The Arica and Parinacota region of Chile presented an increasing tendency for new cases of breast cancer during the period being studied which was concentrated during the early stages of evolution. These findings could be explained by the early detection of breast cancer and the implementation of public health policy.


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Biópsia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/genética , Carcinoma Lobular/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Lobular/genética , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Incidência , Menopausa , História Reprodutiva , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Oncol Rep ; 25(4): 1153-9, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21271226

RESUMO

The increase in the amount of solar ultraviolet (UV) light that reaches the earth is considered to be responsible for the worldwide increase in skin cancer. It has been reported that excessive levels of UVA and UVB light have multiple effects, which can be harmful to humans. Experimental measurements were obtained using wide-band solar light YES biometers from 2006 to 2009 in Arica, Chile and from 2003 to 2006 in Valdivia, Chile, both instruments having been calibrated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and integrated into the Chilean Meteorological Organization network. To explain the possible effect of radiation on skin cancer, revised pathological reports in Arica and Valdivia were analyzed. In Arica, data on men and women were collected between 1997 and 1998-2002, and in Valdivia, between 1997-2000 and 2001-2007. In this study, comparative values of ultraviolet index (UVI) from the above datasets, were analyzed. Arica is a city located in the subtropical zone of northern Chile, 25 meters above sea level, with a latitude of 18˚49'S and a longitude of 70˚19'W. It has a microclimate characterized by stable meteorological conditions throughout the year, including low precipitation (<5 mm per decade), predictable winds, a high percentage of clear sky days and high ground reflectivity due to the presence of light sand. Due to its location near sea level, the population performs a great number of outdoor activities. Valdivia is a city located in the southern part of Chile, 19 meters above sea level with a latitude of 39˚38'S and a longitude of 73˚5'W. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between latitude and the risk of skin cancer in two cities with different latitudes. The incidence of skin cancer per 100,000 persons significantly (P<0.05) increased in both genders between the periods 1997-2000 and 2001-2007 in Arica. However, it decreased in men between the periods 1993-1997 and 1998-2002 in Valdivia. The results of this study indicate a steady increase in the incidence of skin cancer in Arica, most probably due to the high levels of UV light and the latitude to which individuals are exposed throughout the year, as well as the accumulative effect of this type of radiation on the skin. It can be concluded that Arica presented a greater UVI than Valdivia, which can explain the high prevalence of skin cancer in this population according to the pathological reports.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/etiologia , Luz Solar/efeitos adversos , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida
6.
Oncol Lett ; 1(4): 583-588, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22966347

RESUMO

Breast cancer is a common disease estimated to occur in 1 in 9 women over their lifetime. Epidemiological research has identified a number of risk factors for breast cancer. Racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer mortality rates have been difficult to ascertain. The present review reports that there was an increase in the incidence of breast cancer in Arica, Chile, from 1997 to 2007, particularly in 2005, reaching 55.1% per 100,000 women, while the percentage decreased in 2006 and 2007. A greater percentage of breast cancer was found in individuals between 46 and 65 years of age when the population was distributed by age. The Indian population, Aymara, had only a 13.9% incidence of the disease. The incidence for breast cancer for patients with no family background reached approximately 88%, with or without Indian ethnicity, and 98.4% of these women did not have prior hormonal therapy. When the stage of the disease and the number of pregnancies were considered, results showed that there was an increase in the progression of the disease from stage I to stage III in women that had 1-3 pregnancies. Results also showed that 20.9 and 33.2% who received prior tamoxifen treatment were in stages I and IIA, respectively. The breast cancer incidence reached 42.4% when patients had a sister with the disease. It can be concluded that important differences in the risk factors of breast cancer should be identified in the future for a comparison with other biological factors, such as genetic and molecular factors. This may provide greater insight into breast cancer aetiology in different populations.

7.
Maturitas ; 53(1): 1-10, 2006 Jan 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16213679

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Determine which social, demographic and sexual function variables that most influence libido or desire and orgasm domains in the premenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 231 Colombian-born women, aged 40-62 years. The sexual function was measured by self-questionnaire. The analysis was performed by using the chi2-test and multivariate regression analysis. The sexual function was divided in five domains: desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, pain; additionally satisfaction was included. RESULTS: The women with a higher level of education and with a good perception of their satisfaction with their partners, reported better performance in the desire. Age and the non existence of sexual partner influenced in a negative way on the desire. In sexual active women the orgasm was negatively influenced by low satisfaction scores, lack of emotional closeness with their partners and low educational level. High scores in lubrication and desire were associated with a good performance in the orgasm. The hormone therapy (HT) was associated with better scores in orgasm. CONCLUSIONS: Age, level of education, the presence or lack of sexual partner, degree of satisfaction with emotional closeness with the partner and adequate lubrication, influence the desire and orgasm domains in a significant way. By identifying these associations we can then perform some inexpensive interventions. Improving lubrication for menopausal women. Including men in educational activities to sensitize them toward women's feelings. Organizing educational campaigns for middle-aged women to demystify that sexuality is only for young people.


Assuntos
Libido/fisiologia , Orgasmo/fisiologia , Comportamento Sexual/fisiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios , Feminino , Humanos , Libido/efeitos dos fármacos , Menopausa/efeitos dos fármacos , Menopausa/fisiologia , Menopausa/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Orgasmo/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Regressão , Educação Sexual/métodos , Comportamento Sexual/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Parceiros Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-475764

RESUMO

La información de investigaciones previas sugiere que varios factores familiares están fuertemente asociados al uso continuo de anticonceptivos en mujeres adolescentes, solteras, sexualmente activas. Entre los factores familiares más importantes están: filiación, figura de crianza, calidad de la relación familiar, comunicación familiar en temas sexuales, escolaridad de los padres, control parental. El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar factores familiares que se asocian al uso consistente de anticonceptivos en adolescentes, solteras sexualmente activas. Se estudió 2021 adolescentes, solteras, sexualmente activas que solicitaron en forma confidencial anticonceptivos en CEMERA, entre los años 1990 a 2001. A todas ellas se les aplicó un cuestionario previamente diseñado, en la primera consulta y que fue completado con entrevistas posteriores. Se revisaron las fichas clínicas de cada una de ellas para conocer el tipo de método anticonceptivo indicado y el tiempo de uso. Se compararon dos grupos: adolescentes que usaron el método indicado por mas de 6 meses, llamadas usuarias continuadoras, y adolescentes que usaron por menos de 6 meses el método, usuarias discontinuadoras. Se seleccionaron 18 variables familiares para comparar ambos grupos. La información recolectada fue ingresada a una base de datos para su análisis. Se realizaron análisis uni y bivariado. El software EPI INFO 6.0 fue utilizado. Los resultados muestran que la filiación, figura de crianza, calidad de la relación familiar, escolaridad de los padres, control parental, tipo de castigo y comunicación familiar no muestran diferencias entre los grupos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Anticoncepcionais Orais Hormonais/administração & dosagem , Anticoncepcionais Orais Hormonais/provisão & distribuição , Comportamento Contraceptivo , Relações Familiares , Chile , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde do Adolescente/estatística & dados numéricos
9.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-475766

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la experiencia de la aplicación de un Plan Piloto sobre Educación Sexual dictado bajo la modalidad educativa e-Learning utilizando la plataforma WebCT. Estudio de cohorte, con 53 profesores de diferentes ciudades de Chile, el cual se inicia con la aplicación de un test diagnóstico enviado vía e-mail y finaliza con un test final equivalente al inicial, que permite determinar los efectos de la intervención, como una forma de evaluación inmediata. De igual forma para conocer la opinión de los profesores respecto al curso virtual en el cual participaron, junto al test final se envía un cuestionario especialmente diseñado y probado a los profesores capacitados en Educación Sexual a través de Internet. Se utilizó análisis uni y bivariado (test de diferencia de medias) como método de análisis estadístico. Resultados: El 31 por ciento alcanzó nivel alto y el 52 por ciento nivel medio en la utilización de la Plataforma WebCT. El 94,7 por ciento declaró que los conocimientos adquiridos en el Programa de Educación Sexual, fueron de mucha utilidad. Al comparar los resultados del test diagnostico v/s test final, se pudo observar cambios estadísticamente significativos (medias 8,1 v/s 9,9) en el conocimiento adquirido producto de la intervención (p=0,02). Al relacionar cambios en la incorporación de nuevos conocimientos y el grado de participación de los profesores en el curso, los profesores que presentan una mayor dedicación y participación, tuvieron una mejor calificación (medias 8,1 v/s 11,1), diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0,01). Conclusiones: Los profesores declararon que los conocimientos adquiridos en el Programa de Educación Sexual, fueron de mucha utilidad, especialmente para su quehacer profesional. Un porcentaje importante (86 por ciento) declaró haber despertado y fortalecido su interés por trabajar en estos temas y se pudo observar cambios significativos en el conocimiento producto de la intervención. Lo...


Assuntos
Educação Sexual/métodos , Educação Sexual/tendências , Educação a Distância/métodos , Educação a Distância/tendências , Chile , Internet , Software , Validação de Programas de Computador
10.
Maturitas ; 48(4): 411-20, 2004 Aug 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15283933

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy (HRT). To determine the relationship between menopause and sexual activity, and the impact of HRT on sexual function. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 231 Colombian-born women, aged 40-62 years. Sexual function was measured by self-questionnaire. The analysis was performed by using the chi2-test and multivariate regression analysis. The sexual function was divided in five domains: desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm and pain; in addition, questioning about sexual satisfaction was included in the research. RESULTS: In the study 38.1% of women showed sexual dysfunction in the desire, and 25% in the arousal, these two being the most affected domains. Even though menopause marginally decreases all stages of sexual function, this association was statistically significant only for the lubrication and pain domains. HRT improves sexual function in the orgasm, lubrication and pain domains in a statistically significant manner. The level of sexual satisfaction was better on postmenopausal women with HRT than ones without HRT. Age negatively influences almost all sexual function domains in a significant manner. CONCLUSIONS: Menopause affects in a negative manner some domains of female sexual function. HRT improves some factors of the sexual function during menopause but it not improves desire and arousal which were the most affected domains. There is a negative association between age and female sexual response in middle-aged women.


Assuntos
Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Menopausa/fisiologia , Comportamento Sexual/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Menopausa/efeitos dos fármacos , Menopausa/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Satisfação Pessoal , Pós-Menopausa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pós-Menopausa/fisiologia , Pós-Menopausa/psicologia , Análise de Regressão , Comportamento Sexual/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-416793

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las necesidades, dificultades y experiencia, que los profesores han tenido en su desempeño como docentes en el área de la Educación Sexual y el interés por tomar parte en un Programa de apoyo interactivo en esta temática, a través de Internet. Estudio de cohorte, en el cual se envía vía correo con sistema de respuesta pagada un cuestionario especialmente diseñado y probado a todos los profesores capacitados por CEMERA durante los años 1993 a 1997 (n=593). Resultados: responden el cuestionario 160 profesores (27 por ciento). De estos el mayor porcentaje corresponde a la región Metropolitana (33,7 por ciento), a la VIII (25 por ciento) y a la V Región 11,2 por ciento. El 84,9 por ciento ha trabajado en Educación Sexual; esta cifra es menor a la encontrada en estudio previo de seguimiento a un año de recibida la capacitación (91,1 por ciento). Al relacionar haber trabajado en educación sexual y asignatura que enseñan, se observa que los orientadores, presentan una mayor tendencia ha realizar actividades de educación sexual, en comparación con los profesores que sirven asignaturas y cargos directivos (p=0,07). Al relacionar haber trabajado en educación sexual a través de talleres con Edad en que hizo el curso en CEMERA, y Nivel en que sirve, los profesores de menor edad y aquellos que han trabajado en Educación Media, en mayor porcentaje han realizado actividades de Educación Sexual, a través de cursos con talleres (p=0,05 y p=0,02, respectivamente). Con relación a las necesidades que presentan los profesores para desarrollar actividades de educación sexual, estas tienen que ver principalmente con falta de material didáctico (49,1 por ciento). Respecto a las dificultades que presentan los profesores para desarrollar actividades de educación sexual, estas están relacionadas con la disposición de la comunidad escolar para abordar el tema, en un 62,1 por ciento, que sumado con la resistencia a la Educación Sexual por parte de Padres / Apoderados y comunidad escolar se llega al 75 por ciento. Llama también la atención en este rubro que el antecedente “No tener material de apoyo y herramientas para desarrollar sus actividades en educación sexual” es más bien secundario (21,5 por ciento). Los profesores están en un 80,0 por ciento muy dispuestos a participar en un Programa de Apoyo en Educación Sexual a través de Internet.


Assuntos
Humanos , Capacitação em Serviço/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação Sexual/métodos , Ensino/métodos , Ensino/tendências , Internet , Chile , Estudos de Coortes , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Serviços de Saúde Escolar
12.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-362705

RESUMO

Objetivos: Determinar la relación que existe entre la percepción de la calidad de la educación sexual recibida con el embarazo no deseado y la resolución de este, en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes estudiantes de la universidad Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, analítico. La muestra corresponde a 569 estudiantes universitarios que cumplían con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: edad menor 24 años, primer semestre de estudio en la Universidad Santiago de Cali, haber iniciado vida coital, y que acepataran participar en dicho estudio. Se aplicó un instrumento anónimo auto-administrado. La información fue recolectada en una base de datos en sofware Exel y procesada en Stata 7,0; posterior al análisis exploratorio se dividió la muestra en tres grupos de acuerdo a la calificación que dieron a la educación sexual recibida de sus padres y en el colegio, y se aplicó un análisis de estadística inferencial con un modelo de regresión logística para observar asociaciones y controlar variables de confusión como la edad. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 18,6 años, el 58,7 por ciento era de sexo femenino. El inicio de la actividad sexual fue a los 14,2 años. Reportaron haber quedado o dejado a alguien en embarazo sin desearlo 88 estudiantes (15,5 por ciento) interrumpieron su embarazo. En el grupo que refiere como buena la calidad de la educación sexual recibida , el riesgo de embarazo no deseado disminuye en un 76 por ciento y 95 por ciento en relación a los que la consideraron regular y mala (p= 0,050 y 0,027). Estos úñtimos presentan riesgo de interrumpirlo 3,14 y 3,36 veces mayor (p= 0,035 y 0,031) en comparación con el primer grupo. Conclusiones: La educación sexual referida como de buena calidad tiene un efecto protector al diminuir el riesgo de embarazo no deseado y la probabilidad de resolverlo con una interrupción. Es evidente la importancia de incrementar los esfuerzos para mejorar la calidad de la educación sexual que se ofrece al interior de la familia y en las instituciones educativas de enseñanza básica en nuestro país.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Gravidez não Desejada , Prevalência , Educação Sexual , Estudantes
13.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-269561

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas sexuales en alumnos universitarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario anónimo, previamente probado, a 328 alumnos ingresados en 1997 al primer año de las 8 carreras de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile. Se encontró que 26,5 por ciento de jóvenes provenientes de colegios subvencionados aceptan tener relaciones sexuales cuando se da la ocasión. El 46,8 por ciento de los jóvenes menores de 20 años considera que las relaciones prematrimoniales ayudan al mejor conocimiento de la pareja. 57,6 por ciento estima que el orgasmo simultáneo es el objetivo central en la relación sexual


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Sexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Literatura Erótica , Relações Extramatrimoniais , Educação Sexual , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Parceiros Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos
14.
Cuad. méd.-soc. (Santiago de Chile) ; 40(2): 25-32, abr.-jun. 1999. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-263668

RESUMO

Se estudió un grupo de 203 madres adolescentes, cuyos embarazos fueron consecuencia de violación. A todas ellas se les aplicó una entrevista en profundidad al momento del ingreso del control prenatal y posteriormente un años después del nacimiento del hipo. Se seleccionaron variables tanto personales como familiares para este análisis. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las variables personales como familiares que se asocian con el rechazo del hijo y la tuición del mismo por personas distintas a la madre biológica. Los resultados muestran que el rechazo por el hijo se asocia a la crianza de la adolescente por ambos padres y a la violación de tipo intrafamiliar. La tuición del hijo por otras personas se asocia con la violación intrafamiliar


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Relações Mãe-Filho , Gravidez na Adolescência/estatística & dados numéricos , Estupro/psicologia , Declaração de Nascimento , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Custódia da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Familiares , Criança não Desejada/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Condições Sociais/estatística & dados numéricos
15.
ETS rev. chil. enfermedades transm. sex ; 6(3): 80-6, jul.-sept. 1991. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-109421

RESUMO

Se determinó la prevalencia de diversos agentes de ETS en 80 mujeres aymaras que habitan en la precordillera y altiplano de la I Región. No existe información sobre esta materia en esta población actualmente en Chile. Se encontraron sólo 3 agentes etiológicos, con un 35% de incidencia, principalmente Candida sp (26,5%) y un bajo porcentaje para Treponema pallidum (5%) y Trichomonas vaginalis (3,7%). Los tres agentes detectados, pertenecen al nivel etario de 20-40 años semejante a lo reportado por otros autores. Se destaca que las mujeres VDRL reactivas habían permanecido temporalmente en la ciudad de Arica. No se detectó Virus Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, ni sintomatología sugerente de linfogranuloma venéreo, condiloma acuminado, chancroide y Herpes simplex


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Feminino , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Chile , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , População Rural
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