Epidemiological study of paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis in a suburb of San Félix city, Bolívar state, Venezuela.

Epidemiologic studies of deep mycosis have been scarce in Bolivar state, where paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are considered as endemic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis prevalences in people from a suburb of San Féix, Bolívar state, Venezuela. Three-hundred volunteers agreed to participate in this study and they were inoculated with paracoccidioidine and histoplasmine. Identification and epidemiologic data were registered. Reading of skin tests after 24 hours was performed in 275 persons. Paracoccidioidine test was positive in 10.2% (n=28). A higher percentage of positive reactions in the age group of 40-50 years old (n=10; 35.7%) was observed. Bricklayers, farmers and miners were positive in 27.3% (3 out of 11), a higher percentage than in people with other occupations. Histoplasmine test was positive in 7.6% of cases (n=21). The higher percentage of reactivity was observed in the age group of 40-50 years old (n=9; 42.9%). There was a direct proportional relationship between staying time in the locality and H. capsulatum infection mainly in persons staying in the area for more than 30 years (p < 0.05). These results showed low prevalences of P. brasiliensis and H. capsulatum infection in this area.

Epidemiological study of paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis in a suburb of San Félix city Bolívar state Venezuela

Epidemiologic studies of deep mycosis have been scarce in Bolívar state, where paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are considered as endemic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis prevalences in people from a suburb of San Félix, Bolívar state, Venezuela. Three-hundred volunteers agreed to participate in this study and they were inoculated with paracoccidioidine and histoplasmine. Identification and epidemiologic data were registered. Reading of skin tests after 24 hours was performed in 275 persons. Paracoccidioidine test was positive in 10.2% (n=28). A higher percentage of positive reactions in the age group of 40-50 years old (n=10; 35.7%) was observed. Bricklayers, farmers and miners were positive in 27.3% (3 out of 11), a higher percentage than in people with other occupations. Histoplasmine test was positive in 7.6 percent of cases (n= 21). The higher percentage of reactivity was observed in the age group of 40-50 years old (n=9; 42.9%). There was a direct proportional relationship between staying time in the locality and H. capsulatum infection mainly in persons staying in the area for more than 30 years (p<0.05). These results showed low prevalences of P. brasiliensis and H. capsulatum infection in this area.

El estudio epidemiológico de las micosis profundas ha sido escaso en el estado Bolívar donde la paracoccidioidomicosis e histoplasmosis son endémicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de infecciones por Paracoccidioides brasiliensis e Histoplasma capsulatum en individuos residenciados en una población suburbana de San Félix, estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Se administró paracoccidioidina e histoplasmina a 300 personas voluntarias. Se realizó lectura de las pruebas a las 24 horas. La paracoccidioidina fue positiva en el 10,2% (n=28). Se observó mayor porcentaje de positividad en el grupo de 40-50 años (n=10; 35,7%). Las ocupaciones de riesgo: albañiles, agricultores y mineros, presentaron un porcentaje de positividad de 27,3% (3 de 11), mayor que el de los individuos sin riesgo aparente: mecánicos, oficios del hogar y estudiantes (25 de 264; 9,5 %) (p=0,04). La histoplasmina fue positiva en el 7,6% (n=21). El mayor porcentaje de intradermorreacción positiva se observó entre los 40-50 años (n=9; 42,9%). Hubo relación significativa entre el tiempo de residencia en la localidad y la infección por H. capsulatum, demostrándose en los individuos con más de 30 años en esa localidad (p<0,05). Estos resultados muestran una prevalencia relativamente baja de infecciones por P. brasiliensis y de H. capsulatum en el área estudiada.

Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum in dove's (Columbia livia) excreta in Bolívar state, Venezuela.

Dove's excreta samples from state Bolívar several places in Venezuela, were evaluated to determine the presence of primary pathogen fungi in dove's excreta. Filamentous fungi such as: Aspergillus spp (31.1%), Mucor spp (20.2%), Penicillium spp (9.5%) and Fusarium spp (6.7%) were the most frequently isolated strains. Species such as Candida albicans (4.1%), Cryptococcus albidus and Rhodotorula spp (2.7%), C. neoformans var neoformans (1.4%), Trichosporum asahii (1.4%), Curvularia, Microsporum and Phoma as well as Histoplasma capsulatum (1.3%) were less frecuently isolated. This study shows the presence of C. neoformans and H. capsulatum in dove's excreta from Bolívar state, it remarks infection risk with these pathogens fungi and the necessity to avoid accumulation of dove's excreta.

[Mycoses at Hospital Universitario "Ruiz y Páez", Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela, 2002]. / Casuística de las micosis en el Hospital Universitario "Ruiz y Páez". Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela, 2002.

To estimate the prevalence of mycoses in the Universitary Hospital "Ruiz y Páez" (Bolivar State, Venezuela) during 2002, a retrospective study was carried out. Four hundred and fifty six mycoses were diagnosed in 250,956 patients. The most frequent mycoses, the cutaneous form (94.5%), were produced by dermatophytes, Malassezia furfur and Candida spp. in 90%. Deep mycoses were detected in 4.7% and consisted of histoplasmosis (2.6%), paracoccidioidomycosis (1.7%) and cryptococcosis (0.4%). Several patients with deep mycoses presented HIV infection, tuberculosis and hematological disorders (neoplasias among them). The frequency of mycoses in the general population that attend the Hospital Universitario "Ruiz y Páez" is low, superficial mycoses are predominant, and some conditions seem to predispose to deep mycoses.

Casuística de las micosis en el hospital universitario "Ruiz y Páez" Ciudad Bolívar Venezuela 2002 / Mycoses at hospital universitario

Con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de las micosis en el Hospital Universitario "Ruiz y Páez" (Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela) durante el año 2002, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los casos con diagnóstico de micosis. Hubo 456 casos de micosis de un total de 250.956 pacientes atendidos en el período 2002 (0,2 por ciento). El 94,5 por ciento eran micosis cutáneas. Estas infecciones fueron debidas a dermatofitos, Malassezia furfur y Candida spp. en el 90,0 por ciento de las veces. Las micosis profundas ocurrieron en un 4,7 por ciento, consistentes en histoplasmosis (2,6 por ciento), paracoccidioidomicosis (1,7 por ciento) y criptococosis (0,4 por ciento). Varios de los pacientes afectos de micosis sistémicas presentaban otras patologías concomitantes, como infección por el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana, tuberculosis, neoplasias y trastornos hematológicos. La frecuencia de micosis en la población general atendida en el Hospital Universitario "Ruiz y Páez" es baja, predomina la afectación superficial, y la profunda suele evidenciarse en pacientes con factores predisponentes

Histoplasmine and paracoccidiodine epidemiological study in Upata, Bolívar state, Venezuela.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of histoplasmosis and paracoccidiomycosis in Upata, a city in Bolivar state, Venezuela. METHODS: Cutaneous tests on 397 volunteers, 204 with histoplasmine and 193 with paracoccidioidine. Epidemiological data were collected in a protocol sheet. Readings were performed at 24 and 48 h post-injection, by the same observer, and a positive reaction was defined as hardened papule of 5 mm or more. RESULTS: Histoplasmine tests were positive in 19.6% and 34.0% at 24 and 48 h after antigens injection with a significant increase of reactivity (P=0.0019). Paracoccidiodine tests were positive in 11.3% and 19.7% at 24 and 48 h respectively and this difference was also significant (P=0.004). Risk factors which could explain these levels of reactivity could not be clearly identified. Cultures and animal inoculation from soil samples for fungus isolation were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Paracoccidioidomycoses and histoplasmosis are endemic in Upata.

Epidemiological survey of histoplasmine and paracoccidioidine skin reactivity in an agricultural area in Bolívar state, Venezuela.

Paracoccidiodomycosis and histoplasmosis are endemic diseases in the south of Venezuela, representing a public health problem. Prevalence of Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis and Histoplasma capsulatum infections were estimated in Monte Ralo, a rural community area of Bolivar state using paracoccidiodine and histoplasmine skin tests. Paracoccidiodine was intradermically injected to 173 persons and readings were made at 24 and 48 h afterwards to 167 persons (97.85%). Reaction was positive in 8.5% (n = 14) at 24 h post-injection and 13.2% (n = 20) at 48 h. Farmers showed the higher percentage of positivity at 24 and 48 h. One hundred-seventy five persons were intradermically injected with histoplasmine but 167 and 157 of them attended for reading of the dermal reaction at 24 and 48 h post-injection respectively. Tests were positive in 25.7% (n = 43) at 24 h and 42.7% (n = 67) at 48 h. Further studies are needed in surrounding places to delimit the endemic area of these mycosis in the Bolivar state. However, epidemiological vigilance of PCM and H should be considered by local health authorities.

Foliculitis por malassezia spp en un paciente inmunocomprometido / Folliculitis by malassezia spp in an immunocompromised patient

Presentamos el primer caso en nuestro centro hospitalario de foliculitis por Malassezia spp en un paciente diabético con insuficiencia renal crónica quien consultó por presentar lesiones pápulo-pustulosas y nódulos en el cuello y parte superior del tórax, de 15 días de evolución. En el análisis micológico de las lesiones se observaron levaduras incontables redondeadas, globosas y ovales de 1 a 4 µm, algunas con gemación de base ancha sin pseudohifas. El cultivo en agar glucosado de Sabouraud suplementado con aceite de oliva estéril al 1 por ciento mostró crecimiento de colonias de Malassezia spp. El estudio histopatológico mostró una reacción granulomatosa supurativa con destrucción del epitelio folicular. La foliculitis por Malassezia spp debe ser considerada en un paciente inmunocomprometido que no responde a la terapia antimicrobiana

Leishmaniasis in the genital area.

Two patients from the gold mines of Bolivar State, Venezuela, presenting cutaneous leishmaniasis in the genital region, an unusual location, are described. The first patient showed an ulcerated lesion of the glans penis. Leishmanin skin test was positive. A biopsy specimen revealed a granulomatous infiltrate containing Leishmania parasites. In the second patient, Leishmanin skin test was positive, HIV and VDRL were negative. Leishmania parasites were present in a biopsy of an ulcerated lesion in the scrotum, with an indurated base, infiltrative borders with an yellowish exudate. Patients were treated with meglumine antimoniate and the lesions healed.

Leishmaniasis in the genital area

Two patients from the gold mines of Bolivar State, Venezuela, presenting cutaneous leishmaniasis in the genital region, an unusual location, are described. The first patient showed an ulcerated lesion of the glans penis. Leishmanin skin test was positive. A biopsy specimen revealed a granulomatous infiltrate containing Leishmania parasites. In the second patient, Leishmanin skin test was positive, HIV and VDRL were negative. Leishmania parasites were present in a biopsy of an ulcerated lesion in the scrotum, with an indurated base, infiltrative borders with an yellowish exudate. Patients were treated with meglumine antimoniate and the lesions healed

Uso del ivermectin en el tratamiento de la escabiosis / Use of the invermectin in the treatment of the scabies

Evaluaciones clínicas y parasitológicas, durante un periodo de 16 semanas, permitieron demostrar la curación del 93,3 por ciento de un total de 30 pacientes escabiósicos adultos de ambos sexos, tratados con una sola dosis oral de ivermectin de 200 mg/kg de peso corporal. La efectividad y ausencia de efectos colaterales significativos observados sugieren a los autores simplicidad, aceptabilidad y eficacia del ivermectin en el tratamiento de la escabiosis humana

Fluconazol oral 150 mg semanal en el tratamiento de pacientes con tinea corporis o tinea cruris / Oral fluconazole 150 mg weekly in the treatment of patients with tinea corporis and tinea cruris

Cincuenta y tres pacientes (31 hombres y 22 mujeres) entre 13 y 70 años de edad completaron el estudio. Un paciente fue excluido para la evaluación clínica por falla en el aislamiento del patógeno, pero fue incluido en el análisis de tolerancia. Dieciocho pacientes (35 por ciento), presentaron ambas patologías (tiña corporis y cruris). El T.rubrum fue el dermatofito más frecuentemente aislado (83 por ciento) y luego el E.flucossum en el 13 por ciento. El cluconazol se administro a razón de una cápsula (150 mg) por semana. Sesenta y cinco por ciento de los pacientes recibieron 3 semanas de tratamiento; 25 por ciento recibieron 4 semanas, 8 por ciento 2 semanas y sólo 2 pacientes recibieron 5 semanas. Se observó cura clínica y micológica en el 86 por ciento de los pacientes. Tres pacientes presentaron efectos adversos moderados durante el tratamiento (náuseas, palpitaciones y resequedad de los labios). El fluconazol fue efectivo y bien tolerado para pacientes con t.corporis, cruris o ambos