RESUMO
Copper selenide nanoparticles (Cu2-x Se NPs) have received a lot of attention in recent decades due to their interesting properties and potential applications in various areas such as electronics, health, solar cells, etc. In this study, details of the synthesis and characterization of copper selenide nanoparticles modified with gum arabic (GA) are reported. Also, through transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) analysis, the transformation of the morphology and particle size of copper selenide nanoparticles in aqueous solution was studied. In addition, we present an antimicrobial study with different microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albiacans (C. albicans). Copper selenide nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) and TEM. XRD confirmed the crystal-line structure of the nanoparticles such as cubic berzelanite with a particle size of 6 nm ± 0.5. FTIR and TGA corroborated the surface modification of copper selenide nanoparticles with gum arabic, and DSC suggested a change in the structural phase from cubic to hexagonal. TEM analysis demonstrated that the surface modification of the Cu2-x Se NPs stabilized the nanostructure of the particles, preventing changes in the morphology and particle size. The antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of copper selenide nanoparticles indicated that they have the ability to inhibit the microbial growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.
RESUMO
Resumen Entre los diferentes materiales cerámicos, el dióxido de zirconio (ZrO2) se destaca, debido a sus aplicaciones en el área médica, química y farmacéutica. Esto es posible al ser un material de carácter anfótero, con tres fases cristalinas: monoclínica, tetragonal y cúbica, las cuales presentan distintas propiedades. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los fundamentos de los diferentes métodos utilizados para la síntesis del ZrO2 y sus aplicaciones biomédicas. Las principales metodologías empleadas son los procesos hidrotérmico, precipitación, solvotérmica y sol-gel. La energía de ultrasonido y la radiación de microondas permiten reducir los tiempos de reacción y proporcionar mayor eficiencia energética a los procesos. El método de síntesis modifica las propiedades del ZrO2, lo cual es aprovechado para desarrollar diferentes aplicaciones, entre ellas destacan reemplazos óseos, prótesis dentales y liberación de fármacos.
Abstract Among the different ceramic materials, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) stands out, due to its applications in the medical, chemical and pharmaceutical areas. This is possible, since it is an amphoteric material with three crystalline phases: monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic, which have different properties. The objective of this work was to analyze the fundamentals of the different methods used for the synthesis of ZrO2, and its main biomedical applications. The main methodologies used include the hydrothermal, precipitation, solvothermal and sol-gel processes. The use of ultrasound energy and microwave radiation allows the reduction in reaction times, and provides greater energy efficiency to the process and a lower environmental impact. The synthesis method modifies the properties of ZrO2, which is used to develop different applications, including bone replacements, dental prostheses and drug release.
