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1.
Cells ; 9(9)2020 09 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32887382

RESUMO

The study of neurodegenerative diseases using pluripotent stem cells requires new methods to assess neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration of specific neuronal subtypes. The cholinergic system, characterized by its use of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, is one of the first to degenerate in Alzheimer's disease and is also affected in frontotemporal dementia. We developed a differentiation protocol to generate basal forebrain-like cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) aided by the use of small molecule inhibitors and growth factors. Ten iPSC lines were successfully differentiated into BFCNs using this protocol. The neuronal cultures were characterised through RNA and protein expression, and functional analysis of neurons was confirmed by whole-cell patch clamp. We have developed a reliable protocol using only small molecule inhibitors and growth factors, while avoiding transfection or cell sorting methods, to achieve a BFCN culture that expresses the characteristic markers of cholinergic neurons.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios Colinérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Meios de Cultura/farmacologia , Corpos Embrioides/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/efeitos dos fármacos , Cultura Primária de Células/métodos , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/genética , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/metabolismo , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/patologia , Prosencéfalo Basal/metabolismo , Prosencéfalo Basal/patologia , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Neurônios Colinérgicos/citologia , Neurônios Colinérgicos/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/química , Dioxóis/farmacologia , Corpos Embrioides/citologia , Corpos Embrioides/metabolismo , Feminino , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/farmacologia , Demência Frontotemporal/genética , Demência Frontotemporal/metabolismo , Demência Frontotemporal/patologia , Fator 2 de Diferenciação de Crescimento/farmacologia , Proteínas Hedgehog/farmacologia , Humanos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Fator de Crescimento Neural/farmacologia , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/farmacologia
2.
Stem Cell Res ; 32: 135-138, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30278375

RESUMO

Peripheral dermal fibroblasts (DF) from a healthy 56 year old female were obtained from the Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA) Biobank, University of New South Wales, under the material transfer agreement with the University of Wollongong. DFs were reprogrammed via mRNA-delivered transcription factors into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The generated iPSCs were confirmed to be pluripotent, capable of three germ layer differentiation and are thus a useful resource for creating iPSC-derived healthy human cells of any lineage. Resource table.


Assuntos
Reprogramação Celular/fisiologia , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Pele/citologia , Células Cultivadas , Reprogramação Celular/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
3.
EBioMedicine ; 16: 224-237, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28163043

RESUMO

p53 is an important modulator of stem cell fate, but its role in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) is unknown. Here, we tested the effects of a single extra-copy of p53 on the function of CPCs in the presence of oxidative stress mediated by doxorubicin in vitro and type-1 diabetes in vivo. CPCs were obtained from super-p53 transgenic mice (p53-tg), in which the additional allele is regulated in a manner similar to the endogenous protein. Old CPCs with increased p53 dosage showed a superior ability to sustain oxidative stress, repair DNA damage and restore cell division. With doxorubicin, a larger fraction of CPCs carrying an extra-copy of the p53 allele recruited γH2A.X reestablishing DNA integrity. Enhanced p53 expression resulted in a superior tolerance to oxidative stress in vivo by providing CPCs with defense mechanisms necessary to survive in the milieu of the diabetic heart; they engrafted in regions of tissue injury and in three days acquired the cardiomyocyte phenotype. The biological advantage provided by the increased dosage of p53 in CPCs suggests that this genetic strategy may be translated to humans to increase cellular engraftment and growth, critical determinants of successful cell therapy for the failing heart.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Animais , Western Blotting , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Células Cultivadas , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Coração/fisiopatologia , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Miócitos Cardíacos/citologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/transplante , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Células-Tronco/citologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética
4.
Circ Res ; 107(3): 429-41, 2010 Aug 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20558824

RESUMO

RATIONALE: Physiological hypertrophy in the developing heart has been considered the product of an increase in volume of preexisting fetal cardiomyocytes in the absence of myocyte formation. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we tested whether the mouse heart at birth has a pool of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) that differentiate into myocytes contributing to the postnatal expansion of the parenchymal cell compartment. METHODS AND RESULTS: We have found that the newborn heart contains a population of c-kit-positive CSCs that are lineage negative, self-renewing, and multipotent. CSCs express the Notch1 receptor and show the nuclear localization of its active fragment, N1ICD. In 60% of cases, N1ICD was coupled with the presence of Nkx2.5, indicating that the commitment of CSCs to the myocyte lineage is regulated by Notch1. Importantly, overexpression of N1ICD in neonatal CSCs significantly expanded the proportion of transit-amplifying myocytes. To establish whether these in vitro findings had a functional counterpart in vivo, the Notch pathway was blocked in newborn mice by administration of a gamma-secretase inhibitor. This intervention resulted in the development of a dilated myopathy and high mortality rates. Ventricular decompensation was characterized by a 62% reduction in amplifying myocytes, which resulted in a 54% decrease in myocyte number. After cessation of Notch blockade and recovery of myocyte regeneration, cardiac anatomy and function were largely restored. CONCLUSIONS: Notch1 signaling is a critical determinant of CSC growth and differentiation; when this cascade of events is altered, cardiomyogenesis is impaired, physiological cardiac hypertrophy is prevented, and a life-threatening myopathy supervenes.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/etiologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/citologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/fisiologia , Receptor Notch1/antagonistas & inibidores , Actinina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Capilares/citologia , Capilares/fisiologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/fisiopatologia , Diferenciação Celular , Divisão Celular , Coração/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Camundongos , Receptor Notch1/fisiologia , Receptores Notch/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Notch/fisiologia , Células-Tronco/citologia , Células-Tronco/fisiologia , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
5.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 106(40): 17169-74, 2009 Oct 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19805158

RESUMO

An analysis of the clonality of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and myocyte turnover in vivo requires genetic tagging of the undifferentiated cells so that the clonal marker of individual mother cells is traced in the specialized progeny. CPC niches in the atria and apex of the mouse heart were infected with a lentivirus carrying EGFP, and the destiny of the tagged cells was determined 1-5 months later. A common integration site was identified in isolated CPCs, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and fibroblasts, documenting CPC self-renewal and multipotentiality and the clonal origin of the differentiated cell populations. Subsequently, the degree of EGFP-lentiviral infection of CPCs was evaluated 2-4 days after injection, and the number of myocytes expressing the reporter gene was measured 6 months later. A BrdU pulse-chasing protocol was also introduced as an additional assay for the analysis of myocyte turnover. Over a period of 6 months, each EGFP-positive CPC divided approximately eight times generating 230 cardiomyocytes; this value was consistent with the number of newly formed cells labeled by BrdU. To determine whether, human CPCs (hCPCs) are self-renewing and multipotent, these cells were transduced with the EGFP-lentivirus and injected after acute myocardial infarction in immunosuppressed rats. hCPCs, myocytes, ECs, and fibroblasts collected from the regenerated myocardium showed common viral integration sites in the human genome. Thus, our results indicate that the adult heart contains a pool of resident stem cells that regulate cardiac homeostasis and repair.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Miócitos Cardíacos/citologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Células 3T3 , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem da Célula , Células Clonais/citologia , Células Clonais/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/citologia , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Feminino , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Vetores Genéticos/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lentivirus/genética , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Miocárdio/citologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/genética , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de Tempo
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