RESUMO
A microbial ecosystem in which bacteria no longer live in a mutualistic association is called dysbiotic. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a condition related with the pathogenesis of intestinal illnesses (irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease) and extra-intestinal illnesses (obesity, metabolic disorder, cardiovascular syndrome, allergy, and asthma). Dysbiosis status has been related to various important pathologies, and many therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the balance of the intestinal ecosystem have been implemented. These strategies include the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics; phage therapy; fecal transplantation; bacterial consortium transplantation; and a still poorly investigated approach based on predatory bacteria. This review discusses the various aspects of these strategies to counteract intestinal dysbiosis.
Assuntos
Disbiose/prevenção & controle , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Disbiose/microbiologia , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal , Humanos , Consórcios Microbianos , Terapia por Fagos , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Simbióticos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The microbial ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by a great number of microbial species living in balance by adopting mutualistic strategies. The eubiosis/dysbiosis condition of the gut microbiota strongly influences our healthy and disease status. This review briefly describes microbiota composition and functions, to then focus on eubiosis and dysbiosis status: the two sides of the microbiota.
Assuntos
Disbiose/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , HumanosAssuntos
Vírus JC/fisiologia , Infecções por Polyomavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Reumáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/tratamento farmacológico , Ativação Viral , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Vírus JC/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Polyomavirus/metabolismo , Infecções por Polyomavirus/virologia , Doenças Reumáticas/metabolismo , Doenças Reumáticas/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/metabolismo , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Carga Viral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this research was to study the mechanisms of Lactobacillus brevis antiviral activity towards HSV-2 and to identify the bacterial components responsible for the inhibiting effect. Bacterial extract and cell walls were prepared by lysozyme digestion of L. brevis cells untreated or treated with LiCl to remove S-layer proteins. Bacterial extract and cell wall fragments showed a dose dependent inhibitory effect on HSV-2 multiplication. In order to characterize the inhibitory activity of L. brevis, the bacterial extract was subjected to different physical and chemical treatments. The inhibitory activity was resistant to high temperature and proteases digestion and appeared to be associated with compounds with a molecular weight higher than 10 kDa. DNA, RNA and lipids isolated from bacterial cells were devoid of inhibitory effect. The antiviral activity of both bacterial extract and cell wall fragments obtained from L. brevis cells after the S-layer removal was significantly reduced compared to untreated cells suggesting that the inhibitory activity is likely due to a heat-resistant non-protein cell surface bacterial component.
