RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prosthetic heart valve thrombosis is a life-threatening condition for which treatment has not been evaluated by randomized trials. OBJECTIVES: To compare surgery with thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of prosthetic valve thrombosis. METHODS: A comprehensive systematic review was carried out by independent researchers using PubMed, Web of Knowledge, HINARI, LILACS and EMBASE, including papers indexed up to 23 October 2013 with at least 10 patients, evaluating one or both treatment options. Outcomes of interest were death, stroke, bleeding, embolic events and success. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (ranges from 0 to 9). Comprehensive Meta Analysis Software was used to pool study results, for publication bias analysis and for meta-regression. RESULTS: Forty-eight studies were included (2302 patients). No randomized study was identified, and all were observational in design. Study quality varied from 4 to 6 stars using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Mortality for surgery was 18.1% (95%CI, 14.6-22.1; I(2) , 62% [42-75]), while mortality for thrombolytic therapy was 6.6% (95% CI, 4.8-8.9; I(2) , 0% [0-13]). Surgical mortality appeared to increase with NYHA-class, according to meta-regression. Other results related to surgery and thrombolytic therapy, respectively, were: embolic events, 4.6% (2.9-7.3) and 12.8% (10.8-15.2); stroke, 4.3%,(2.7-6.6%) and 5.6%,(4.3-7.4%); success rate, 81.9% (77.2-85.8) and 80.7% (75.6-85.0); bleeding, 4.6% (2.9-7.1) and 6.8% (5.4-8.6); and death or stroke, 19.0% (14.8-24.2) and 11.4% (8.7-14.7). CONCLUSION: Mortality in patients treated by thrombolytic therapy for valve prosthesis thrombosis is significantly lower than in patients treated surgically. As we cannot yet ascertain whether this difference is due to the treatment alone, more studies are now necessary to further clarify these findings.
Assuntos
Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Terapia Trombolítica , Trombose/terapia , Humanos , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Trombose/cirurgiaRESUMO
Antecedentes y objetivos: La trombosis valvular protésica es una grave complicación en los pacientes con prótesis valvular. El tratamiento tradicional es la cirugía de emergencia. La trombosis es una alternativa no quirúrgica en estos pacientes. En este trabajo evaluamos la eficacia de la trombosis en la trombosis valvular protésica. Métodos: Se analizaron los datos de 25 pacientes con el diagnóstico de trombosis de prótesis valvular atendidos en el Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, de la habana, Cuba, en un período de 5 años, se les realizo trombosis con estreptokinasa recombinante (SKr) a 250 000 UI en 30 minutos, seguido de una infusión continua a 100 000 UI/hora, por 72 hora o menos si existió resolución de la trombosis. La evolución se basó en el seguimiento clínico y ecocardiográfico de los pacientes. Resultados: Las prótesis más afectadas eran mitrales en 14 casos, tricúspides en 7 y cuatro aórticas, en 21 pacientes (84%) se constató una anticoagulación inadecuada. La media de tiempo entre el inicio de los síntomas y el diagnóstico fue de 8,8 diias. Hubo respuesta total al tratamiento en 23 pacientes (92%), parcial en 1 (4%) y fracasó en 1 paciente (4%). La dosis promedio de SKr utilizada fue de 4,2 millones UI, con un tiempo promedio de infusión de 44,6 horas. Dos pacientes presentaron complicaciones mayores, un embolismo cerebral y una hemorragia intracraneal, ambos pacientes fueron dados de alta con resolución de la trombosis protésica. Conclusión: La trombosis resultó segura, eficaz y con bajo nivel de complicaciones. Además no contraindica la intervención quirúrgica si no hay respuesta total al tratamiento, en la que el paciente va a la cirugía en mejores condiciones hemodinámicas y con menor riesgo quirúrgico
Background and objectives: Valvular thrombosis is a serious complication in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Traditional treatment is emergency surgery. Thrombolysis is a non surgical alternative in these patients. In this paper we evaluate the efficacy of thrombolysis in prosthetic heart valves thrombosis. Methods: We analyse data of 25 patients with diagnosed prosthetic valve thrombosis treated in the Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery in Havana, Cuba, during a period of 5 years. To whom thrombolysis with Recombinant streptokinase infusion at 250, 000 IU in 30 minutes followed by 100, 000 IU/ hours during 72 hours or less if solution of the thrombosis existed. The evolution was based in clinical and ecocardiographic findings. Results: The most affected sites were mitral 14 cases, tricuspid 7 and aortic 4. In 21 (84%) of patients an inadequate anticoagulation therapy was observed. Mean time of prosthetic implantation was 7.5 years. Presentation form was generally heart failure (functional class III-IV NYHA) in 23 (92%) patients. Mean time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 8.8 days. There was total response to treatment in 23 (92%) patients, partial in 1 (4%) and failure in 1 (4%). Recombinant streptokinase overall dose was 4.2 millions IU and mean infusion time 44.6 hours. Two patients presented major complications, one stroke and one intracranial haemorrhage; both were dismissed from hospital with total resolution of prosthetic thrombosis. Conclusions: Thrombolysis is safe, efficient with low level of complications. It does not contraindicate surgical treatment if there is no total response, because patient goes to surgery in better hemodynamic conditions with lower risk
