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1.
J Food Prot ; 63(7): 945-52, 2000 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10914666

RESUMO

The preformed cooked cured meat pigment (CCMP) synthesized directly from bovine red blood cells or through a hemin intermediate was found to be a viable colorant for application to comminuted pork as a nitrite substitute. However the genotoxicity of CCMP and meat emulsion coagulates prepared with CCMP has not been evaluated. Therefore the objectives of this work were to investigate genotoxicity of CCMP and the influence of CCMP addition on genotoxicity and the content of residual nitrite in model meat emulsion coagulates. Meat emulsions were prepared from white (musculus longissimus dorsi) and red (musculus quadriceps femoris) pork muscles with two different amounts of synthesized pigment CCMP. Comparatively, emulsions with fixed addition of nitrite salt and emulsions without any addition for color development were made. Genotoxicity of CCMP and meat emulsion coagulates was tested with the SOS/umu test and the Ames test. Neither CCMP nor meat emulsion coagulates prepared with CCMP or nitrite salt were genotoxic in the SOS/umu test. In the Ames test using Salmonella Typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 samples of coagulates prepared with CCMP and with nitrite showed weak mutagenic activity in Salmonella Typhimurium strain TA100 but only in the absence of the metabolic activation, while CCMP was not mutagenic. Coagulates prepared with CCMP contained significantly less residual nitrite than coagulates prepared with nitrite salt. These results indicate that from the human health standpoint the substitution of nitrite salt with CCMP would be highly recommendable.


Assuntos
Aditivos Alimentares/toxicidade , Carne/análise , Pigmentos Biológicos/toxicidade , Animais , Bovinos , Emulsões , Conservantes de Alimentos/toxicidade , Humanos , Carne/toxicidade , Produtos da Carne/análise , Produtos da Carne/toxicidade , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Nitrito de Sódio/toxicidade
2.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 54(9): 2220-5, 1988 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16347734

RESUMO

The heat production rate and the simultaneous nitrate consumption and production and consumption of nitrite and nitrous oxide were monitored during the anaerobic growth of two types of dissimilatory nitrate reducers. Pseudomonas fluorescens, a denitrifier, consumed nitrate and accumulated small amounts of nitrite or nitrous oxide. The heat production rate increased steadily during the course of nitrate consumption and decreased rapidly concomitant with the depletion of the electron acceptors. A mean experimental enthalpy change value of -800 kJ/mol of nitrate and a mean growth yield value of 33 g (dry weight)/mol of nitrate consumed were obtained for different concentrations of nitrate. For Pseudomonas putrefaciens, a dissimilatory ammonium producer, the nitrate consumption resulted in an accumulation of nitrite and nitrous oxide. Nitrite consumption commenced after depletion of the nitrate; consequently, two phases were noted in the heat production rate curve during growth. A mean experimental enthalpy change value of -810 kJ/mol of nitrate was obtained for different concentrations of nitrate.

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