[Pelvic echographic data during normal and pathological development in girls]. / Données de l'échographie pelvienne au cours du développement normal et pathologique chez la fille.

From a population of 60 normal females divided in 4 groups of 15 according to age and puberty, standards of uterine length and ovarian volume as measured by ultrasonography were established. The length of the uterus increases moderately with age (mean: 26.4 mm under 2 years of age; 29.5 mm from 2 to 8 years; 36.5 mm from 8 to 12 years) and significantly with puberty (mean: 60 mm), as does the volume of the ovaries (mean: 0.98 cm3 from 8 to 12 years; 3.4 cm3 after puberty). These standards, confirming former data, allow a better understanding of ultrasonographic findings during pathologic growth in young females, such as precocious puberty, delayed puberty, hypopituitarism, or hyperandrogenism. Thus, this investigation may assume an important part in the diagnosis of disorders of puberty, as it is innocuous and may be repeated as often as necessary during the growth of young patients. As it is non invasive and inexpensive, it could be the first investigation in some of these indications.

[Congenital toxoplasmosis and transfontanelle brain echography. Apropos of 8 cases observed in newborn infants and infants]. / Toxoplasmose congénitale et échographie encéphalique trans-fontanellaire. A propos de 8 cas observés chez des nouveau-nés et des nourrissons.

The undeniable value of brain ultrasound imaging in the detection of ventricular dilatation is emphasized, and a classification of intracranial calcifications proposed: hyperechogenic, nodular and irregular large images and those without a posterior shadow cone. Comparison between simple films and particularly computed tomography images was conducted in the cases studied.

Multicystic dysplasia in the upper component of the complete duplex kidney.

Four cases of neonatal multicystic dysplasia involving the upper part of a complete duplex kidney are presented. This malformation, suspected on antenatal ultrasound examination, was confirmed by postnatal IVP and ultrasound. This emphasizes the need to perform an IVP when the diagnosis of multicystic kidney is suggested by ultrasound. Conservative surgery may then be achieved, as in three of the four cases.

[Total agenesis of the corpus callosum: ultrasonographic appearances. In two cases]. / Agénésie complète du corps calleux: aspect échographique. Deux observations.

Transfontanellar ultrasonography in two neonates demonstrated total agenesis of the corpus callosum: this was confirmed by computed tomography in one case, this not being necessary in the other infant. Diagnostic signs on pneumoencephalography and computed tomography are described, and those observed on supplementary ultrasonography are outlined: absence of the corpus callosum normally observed on ultrasonography, and the radial disposition, in a sagittal section, of the sulci of the internal surface of the cerebral hemispheres, which appears to be specific to this type of malformation. A frontal section shows a very typical "bull's head" deformity of the ventricular system.

[Echography in gonadal dysgenesis and ovarian dystrophy (author's transl)]. / L'échographie dans les dysgénésies gonadiques et les dystrophies ovariennes.

Pelvic ultrasound examination was performed in 28 patients presenting with disorder in the onset of puberty (13 suggesting gonadal dysgenesis and 15, ovarian hyperandrogenism). Results of this investigation were compared with those of coelioscopy, in order to establish the respective value of each technique in the diagnosis of disorders of puberty in girls. In patients with gonadal dysgenesis, echography may show 'residual gonads but coelioscopy remains necessary when results of radiologic investigation are negative, when clinical or hormonal data suggest that ovarian function is present. Ultrasound examination showed one or two enlarged ovaries in all but one patients in whom coelioscopy had shown this abnormality. Pelvic echography is now the first test to be performed in girls with disorders of puberty as it often permits to avoid coelioscopy.

[Contribution of ultrasonography to the study of retroperitoneal tumors in children (author's transl)]. / Apport de l'échographie dans l'étude des tumeurs rétro-péritonéales de l'enfant.

Ultrasonography investigations of retroperitoneal tumors in children were conducted in 25 cases: 11 nephroblastomas, 11 neuroblastomas, 2 ganglioneuromas, and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma. Ultrasonographic exploration of such tumors should include analysis of the mass: echostructure, limits, interfaces and dimensions, and analysis of its extension. The latter should determine the position in relation to the median line, the condition of the large vessels (inferior vena cava and aorta), the homolateral renal cavities and the contralateral kidney, and the presence or absence of glandular spread and hepatic metastases. The semiology of each of these elements is described and discussed, to determine their individual diagnostic value.

[Simple orthotopic ureteroceles in children]. / Urétérocèles orthotopiques simples de l'enfant.

A simple orthotopic ureterocele is a ureterocele developed on the terminal portion of a single ureter normally implanted into the bladder. This type of ureterocele is often bilateral and is less frequently observed in children than heterotopic ureteroceles complicating total duplication (27%-73%). The authors report six such cases, review their classical radiological signs, and emphasize three unusual findings:--A simple orthotopic ureterocele complicated by the presence of stones. --A prolapse of a ureterocele into the posterior urethra in a boy, with subsequent dysuria. --A simple orthotopic ureterocele in a blind ureter from a polycystic kidney, with a contralateral primary obstructive mega-ureter.

[Ultrasonography appearance of recessive hepatorenal polycystic disease in children (author's transl)]. / Aspects échographiques des polykystoses hépato-rénales récessives chez l'enfant.

Six cases of recessive hepatorenal polycystic disease in infants and young children were explored by intravenous urography and ultrasonography. Sufficient specific ultrasonography findings for making a diagnosis were obtained. The kidneys are large and produce strong echos, with inversion of the normal strength of medullary when compared to cortical echos, and poor definition of the renal sinus. Strong echos are also obtained from the liver, especially in the juvenile forms, because of the large amount of fibrosis. Large intrahepatic biliary ectasias were discovered in a 3-year-old child.