RESUMO
Starting from December 2019, novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused tremendous economic loss and unprecedented health crisis across the globe. While the development of cure is at full speed, less attention and fewer effort have been spent on the prevention of this rapidly spreading respiratory infectious disease. Although so far, several vaccine candidates have advanced into clinical trials, limited data have been released regarding the vaccine efficacy and safety in human, not mention the long-term effectiveness of those vaccines remain as open question yet. Natural products and herbal medicines have been historically used for acute respiratory infection and generally show acceptable toxicity. The favorable stability for oral formulation and ease of scaling up manufacture make it ideal candidate for prophylactic. Hereby, we summarized the most recent advance in SARS-CoV-2 prevention including vaccine development as well as experimental prophylactics. Mainly, we reviewed the natural products showing inhibitory effect on human coronavirus, and discussed the herbal medicines lately used for COVID-19, especially focused on the herbal products already approved by regulatory agency with identifiable patent number. We demonstrated that to fill in the response gap between appropriate treatment and commercially available vaccine, repurposing natural products and herbal medicines as prophylactic will be a vigorous approach to stop or at least slow down SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In the interest of public health, this will lend health officials better control on the current pandemic.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of alpha-granule membrane protein (CD62P), marker of plate activation, in the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and to investigate the relationship between the severity of coronary artery stenosis and platelet activation. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 70 patients with CHD, including 28 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP), 26 cases of unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 16 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), all of which underwent coronary arteriography, and 20 angiographically normal persons as no-CHD controls. The CD62P level was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: Coronary arteriography showed positivity in 70 of the 90 CHD patients. The CD62P positive rate of the UAP group was (28.3 +/- 20.1)%, significantly higher than those of the SAP group [(12.8 +/- 13.3)%] and no-CHD group [(9.9 +/- 6.4)%, both P < 0.05]. The CD62P positive rate of the double vessel disease group was (24.0 +/- 17.8)%, not significantly different from that of the three-vessel disease group [(22.6 +/- 20.4)%], but significantly higher than that of the single-vessel disease group [(11.1 +/- 8.5)%] and that of the no-CHD group [(9.9 +/- 6.4)%, both P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: The platelet alpha-granule membrane protein CD62P level is higher in the UAP patients. It is related to the pathophysiological process of UAP and the severity of coronary artery stenosis.
