RESUMO
A Rh(III)-catalyzed undirected C-H activation/alkene insertion to synthesize diversified indole-fused polycyclics has been developed. Intramolecular electrophilic cyclization generated a 3-indolyl rhodium species that went through an aryl-to-aryl 1,4-rhodium migration to realize the C-H activation. The subsequent [4 + 2] carboannulation or hydroarylation of alkenes could be achieved, respectively, by simply adjusting the additives of the reaction.
RESUMO
An unprecedented Pd-catalyzed alkyne insertion/C-H activation/intramolecular [4 + 2] carboannulation of alkenes has been reported. In this transformation, the C-H activation was triggered by an in situ generated alkenylpalladium species via the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of aryl iodides and alkynes. Subsequently, the resulting five-membered C, C-palladacycle intermediates were added across the alkenes, providing a unique approach to access diversified polycyclics in good efficiency. Two new rings and three C-C bonds were formed in one pot.
RESUMO
This work is aimed at investigating the effect of melittin on identified key genes in bladder cancer (BC) and further providing a theoretical basis for BC treatment. GSE35014 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BC cells and control. Results showed that a total of 389 upregulated and 169 downregulated genes were identified. Subsequently, GO analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and PPI network analysis were employed to disclose the crucial genes and signaling pathways involved in BC. Fifteen module-related DEGs and their associated signaling pathways were obtained according to the PPI network and modular analyses. Based on the analysis of articles retrieved in the PubMed database, we found that melittin could induce apoptosis and constrain the progression of tumor cells as a result of regulating critical cancer-related signaling pathways, such as PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways. Furthermore, PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways were also found to be associated with module-related DEGs according to biological analyses. At last, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that melittin could constrain the expression of module-related DEGs (LPAR1, COL5A1, COL6A2, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3) associated with PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways in BC cells. Functional assays revealed that melittin could constrain the proliferative and migrated abilities of BC cells. Conjointly, these findings provide a theoretical basis for these six genes as drug-sensitive markers of melittin in BC treatment.
Assuntos
Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Meliteno/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Venenos de Abelha/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL1/genética , Quimiocina CXCL1/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL2/genética , Quimiocina CXCL2/metabolismo , Quimiocinas CXC/genética , Quimiocinas CXC/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo V/genética , Colágeno Tipo V/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo VI/genética , Colágeno Tipo VI/metabolismo , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/genética , Humanos , Meliteno/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Mapas de Interação de Proteínas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/genética , Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Integrin subunit alpha 9 (ITGA9) mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration, and invasion through binding different kinds of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. However, its potential role and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we found that ITGA9 expression was obviously decreased in patients with HCC, which was negatively correlated with HCC growth and metastasis. ITGA9 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Our data demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of ITGA9 on HCC cell motility was associated with reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and c-Src tyrosine kinase (Src), disrupted focal adhesion reorganization, and decreased Rac1 and RhoA activity. Our data suggest ITGA9, as a suppressor of HCC, prevents tumor cell migration and invasiveness through FAK/Src-Rac1/RhoA signaling.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Cadeias alfa de Integrinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Proteínas rho de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Biomarcadores , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Proteína-Tirosina Quinases de Adesão Focal/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Cadeias alfa de Integrinas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , FosforilaçãoRESUMO
In this paper, a 4-stage optical time domain multiplexing (OTDM) multiplexer based on plated graded index (GRIN) lens is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A 10Gbit/s return-to-zero (RZ) signal is upgraded to 160Gbit/s. The time-domain accuracy of the multiplexer is evaluated by analyzing the multiplexed 160Gbit/s signal. Experimental results validate the stability of the optical multiplexing behavior and the polarization insensitivity of the proposed multiplexer. The results also show the advantages of our OTDM multiplexer such as the flexible output signal speeds at the output of different stages, the low insertion loss and the temperature and wavelength stability.
