Physical exercise frequency and cognition: a multicenter cross-sectional cohort study.

Background and aims: Dementia imposes a heavy burden on society and families, therefore, effective drug treatments, exploring and preventing factors associated with dementia, are paramount. To provide reference points for the best frequency of physical exercise (physical exercise), we investigated the association between frequency of PE and cognition in Chinese old adults. Methods: 16,181 Chinese participants aged 65 years or older were included in this study. Associations between PE and cognition were estimated multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses. Associations were further investigated across dementia subtypes (Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia, and other types of dementia). Subgroup analyses were performed in different age groups, in populations with and without stroke, and those with and without hypertension. Results: PE associated with dementia after adjusting for full covariates (OR: 0.5414, 95% CI: 0.4536-0.6491, p < 0.001). Exercise performed at ≥3 times/week associated with lower risk of dementia (OR: 0.4794-0.6619, all p value <0.001). PE was associated with improved cognition (ß: 12851, p < 0.001), and any PE frequency contributed to cognitive improvement (p values for exercise performed ≥1 time/week were <0.001). Similar conclusions were identified when we repeated analyses in different dementia subtypes and age groups. Subgroup analyses suggested that the cognition of individuals without hypertension also benefitted from exercising 1-2 times/week (OR: 0.6168, 95% CI: 0.4379-0.8668, p = 0.005). Conclusion: The best exercise frequency is exercising ≥3 times/week for individuals from different dementia subtypes and age groups. While for those without hypertension, PE at 1-2 times /week is also beneficial.

Analysis of clinical efficacy of comprehensive nursing intervention on elderly patients with hypertension combined with hyperuricemia.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the comprehensive nursing intervention on elderly patients with hypertension combined with hyperuricemia. Methods: This was a retrospective study. One hundred elderly patients with hypertension combined with hyperuricemia admitted to the Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were included and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional nursing intervention, while those in the experimental group were treated with comprehensive nursing intervention based on the therapy in the control group. The improvement of compliance behavior, clinical efficacy, quality of life and satisfaction with hypertension combined with hyperuricemia before and after treatment were compared and analyzed between the two groups. The proportion of patients in both groups who developed gout or renal insufficiency was recorded, and their long-term treatment outcomes were compared and analyzed. Results: After the comprehensive nursing intervention, the number of cases of compliance behaviors in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(p<0.05). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure and uric acid levels were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group after the intervention(p=0.00). The scores of physical function, psychological function, social function and material life status improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group after the intervention(p=0.00). The satisfaction rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(p=0.02). The proportion of patients in the experimental group who developed gout was significantly lower than that in the control group(p=0.03). Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing intervention plays a vital role in the treatment and prognosis of hypertension combined with hyperuricemia.

Locking plate fixation versus intramedullary nail fixation for the treatment of multifragmentary proximal humerus fractures (OTA/AO type 11C): a preliminary comparison of clinical efficacy.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of locking plate and intramedullary nail fixations in the treatment of patients with OTA/AO type 11C proximal humerus fractures. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with OTA/AO type 11C1.1 and 11C3.1 proximal humerus fractures who underwent surgery at our institution from June 2012 to June 2017. Perioperative indicators, postoperative morphological parameters of the proximal humerus, and Constant-Murley scores were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients with OTA/AO type 11C1.1 and 11C3.1 proximal humerus fractures were enrolled in this study. Overall, 35 patients underwent open reduction and plate screw internal fixation, and 33 patients underwent limited open reduction and locking of the proximal humerus with intramedullary nail internal fixation. The total cohort had a mean follow-up duration of 17.8 months. The mean operation time of the locking plate group was significantly longer than that of the intramedullary nail group (P < 0.05), while the mean bleeding volume was significantly higher in the locking plate group than that in the intramedullary nail group (P < 0.05). The initial neck-shaft angles, final neck-shaft angles, forward flexion ranges, or Constant-Murley scores did not show significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Complications, including screw penetrations, acromion impingement syndrome, infection, and aseptic necrosis of the humeral head, occurred in 8 patients (8/35, 22.8%) in the locking plate group and 5 patients in the intramedullary nail group (5/33, 15.1%; including malunion and acromion impingement syndrome), with no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Similar satisfactory functional results can be achieved with locking plates and intramedullary nailing for OTA/AO type 11C1.1 and 11C3.1 proximal humerus fractures, with no significant difference in the number of complications between these two techniques. However, intramedullary nailing has advantages over locking plates for OTA/AO type 11C1.1 and 11C3.1 proximal humerus fractures in terms of operation time and bleeding volume.

New Technology Evokes Old Memories: Frequent Smartphone Use Increases Feeling of Nostalgia.

In the era of technology, smartphone use occupies an important position in our lives. The present research focused on the psychological consequence of frequent smartphone use and possible way to remedy it. We proposed that frequent smartphone use could damage people's sense of control and in turn trigger nostalgia. Moreover, nostalgia could directly compensate for the low sense of control induced by frequent smartphone use. Five studies (N = 918) were conducted. Study 1 found through a field study that frequent smartphone use increases nostalgia. Studies 2 and 3 found through 14-day tracking and a laboratory experiment that frequent smartphone use decreased people's sense of control and then triggered nostalgia. Furthermore, nostalgia could enhance the low sense of control, and it worked by increasing self-esteem (Studies 4 and 5). The findings show the negative impact of frequent smartphone use, and nostalgia is an effective way to remedy it without preventing people from using smartphones.

Population Migration Damages the Natural Environment: A Multilevel Investigation of the Relationship Between Residential Mobility and Pro-Environmental Behaviors.

Residential mobility is increasing worldwide, and it objectively boosts economic strength. However, frequent moves create a specific habitat in which environmental degradation is aggravated. This research explored the relationship between residential mobility and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) from the perspective of environmental adaptation. We conducted five studies to test the hypothesis that high residential mobility decreased private-sphere PEBs at both personal and regional levels. The results showed that high personal residential mobility (Study 1) and high regional residential mobility (Study 2) were negatively correlated with self-reported private-sphere PEBs. Study 3 suggested that individuals primed with a high (vs. low) residential mobility mindset showed less actual private-sphere PEBs. Studies 4 and 5 further demonstrated that the preference for collective benefits played a mediating role in this relationship. These findings extend the adverse impacts of residential mobility to natural environments and highlight the role of social habitat changes in understanding environmental degradation.

Study on risk factors of abnormal pulmonary function among dust-exposed workers and prediction model / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of abnormal pulmonary function in dust-exposed workers and establish the risk prediction model of abnormal pulmonary function. Methods: In April 2021, a total of 4255 dust exposed workers from 47 enterprises in 2020 were included in the study. logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of abnormal pulmonary function in dust-exposed workers, and the corresponding nomogram prediction model was established. The model was evaluated by ROC curve, Calibrationpolt and decision analysis curve. Results: logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.02~1.05, P<0.001) , physical examination type (OR=4.52, 95%CI=1.69~12.10, P=0.003) , dust type (Comparison with coal dust, Cement dust, OR=3.45, 95%CI=1.45~8.18, P=0.005, Silica dust (OR=2.25, 95%CI=1.01~5.03, P=0.049) , blood pressure (OR=1.63, 95%CI=1.22~2.18, P=0.001) , creatinine (OR=0.08, 95%CI=0.05~0.12, P<0.001) , daily exposure time (OR=1.06, 95%CI=1.10~1.12, P=0.034) and total dust concentration (OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.08~1.54, P=0.005) were the influencing factors of abnormal pulmonary function. The area under the ROC curve of risk prediction nomogram model was 0.764. The results of decision analysis curve showed that the nomogram model had reference value in the prevention and intervention of abnormal pulmonary function when the threshold probability exceeded 0.05. Conclusion: The accuracy ofthe nomogram model constructed by logistic regression werewell in predicting the risk of abnormal lung function of dust-exposed workers.

Corrigendum: Blood pressure control and risk of post-stroke dementia among the elderly: A population-based screening study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.956734.].

Association between prevalence rate of dementia with Lewy bodies and sleep characteristics in Chinese old adults.

Introduction: Few studies are available on the prevalence and sleep-related factors of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in Chinese older adults, aiming to explore the associations between sleep characteristics and DLB. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 7,528 individuals aged ≥65 years in 106 communities in Northern China was conducted from April 2019 to January 2020. Questionaries (including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, lifestyles, and sleep characteristics) were administered, and neuropsychological assessments and physical examination were conducted in phase I; screening for probable DLB was done in phase II. Logistic regressions were used to assess associations. Results: A total of 919 (12.2%, 919/7,528) participants had dementia, and 101 (1.3%, 101/7,528) participants were diagnosed with DLB. The prevalence of dementia and DLB were slightly higher or equal in women, increased with age, and roughly decreased with nighttime sleep duration. Of the 101 participants, all of them (100.0%) had cognitive impairment, 46 (44.54%) displayed fluctuating cognition, 72 (71.29%) of them showed visual hallucination, 22 (21.78%) individuals reported RBD, and 27.71% showed Parkinsonism. Sleeping for <5 h (adjusted OR = 1.795, 95%CI: 1.055-3.054, p < 0.05) or having hypersomnolence (adjusted OR = 31.213, 95% CI: 17.618-55.301, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the occurrence of DLB. Sleep duration of <5 h or >8 h had combined diagnostic value for DLB (AUC = 0.783, 95%CI: 0.734-0.831, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The current prevalence of DLB is 1.3% in Northern China. Short or long nighttime sleep duration is independently associated with the occurrence of dementia and DLB.

An association study on the risk, glucocorticoids effectiveness, and prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus: insight from mitochondrial DNA copy number.

This study aimed to explore the role of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in the risk, glucocorticoid (GC) effectiveness, and prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its interactions with environmental factors and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) genetic polymorphisms. We first conducted a case-control study of 1198 subjects (595 SLE patients and 603 healthy controls). Subsequently, we followed up with patients to assess the effectiveness of GC treatment and the prognosis of SLE. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to quantify mtDNAcn. Associations were estimated using logistic regression, and prognosis analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. Interactions on multiplicative and additive scales were also evaluated. Individuals with low mtDNAcn had an increased risk of SLE (P < 0.001). Low mtDNAcn was associated with poor GC effectiveness in patients with spicy food consumption or with arthritis (P < 0.05). mtDNAcn was significantly related to the prognosis of SLE in the drinking subgroup (P = 0.018). Furthermore, we found significant interactions between mtDNAcn and environmental factors/TRAP1 genetic polymorphisms on the risk, GC effectiveness, and prognosis of SLE. Our data suggest that low mtDNAcn is associated with an increased risk of SLE. Alteration of mtDNAcn may be associated with GC effectiveness and prognosis in certain subgroups of SLE. The interactions between mtDNAcn, environmental factors, and TRAP1 gene polymorphisms may jointly affect the risk, GC effectiveness, and prognosis of SLE.

Blood pressure control and risk of post-stroke dementia among the elderly: A population-based screening study.

Background: Post-stroke dementia (PSD) has adverse effects on the quality of work and life in elderly stroke survivors. There are inconsistent results on the impacts of blood pressure control on the risk of PSD in people aged 65 years and above. Objective: This study was performed to explore whether poorly-controlled blood pressure was associated with an increasing risk of PSD. Methods: The study population was enrolled from cross-sectional research conducted in 106 communities of rural northern China. In Phase I, a total of 7,448 people aged ≥65 years, including 830 with stroke history, completed a questionnaire, a physical examination, and a cognitive assessment. Phase II further confirmed the diagnosis of PSD. Well-controlled blood pressure was defined as an average systolic blood pressure of <140 mmHg and average diastolic blood pressure of <90 mmHg over two readings in person. Failure to meet these criteria was considered as poorly-controlled blood pressure. Results: The crude prevalence rate of PSD among stroke survivors aged 65 years and over was 17.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.2-20.4%]. Among the 830 stroke survivors, the proportions of PSD gradually increased with age and the crude prevalence rates for PSD were 10.2% (95% CI 5.6-14.9%), 14.8% (95% CI 10.1-19.5%), 18.8% (95% CI 14.1-23.5%), and 27.4% (95% CI 20.8-34.1%) in subjects aged 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 and ≥80 years, respectively. Participants in the poorly-controlled blood pressure group were more likely to suffer from PSD (28.4 vs.15.3%, P < 0.001), be older (75.81 ± 4.97 vs. 74.74 ± 5.83, P < 0.05), and have a worse cognitive level (22.26 ± 7.05 vs. 24.10 ± 6.02, P < 0.05). Compared with well-controlled blood pressure patients, poorly-controlled blood pressure in stroke survivors significantly increased risk of PSD (odds ratio = 2.20, 95% CI 1.45-3.32) after adjusting for age, gender, and education. Conclusions: The crude prevalence of PSD among stroke survivors aged ≥65 years was 17.8% at community level. In addition to lower education level and older age, poorly-controlled blood pressure was also an independent risk factor for PSD among the elderly, which is amenable to intervention. Therefore, it is essential to control blood pressure to reduce PSD incidence.

Carnosol inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in vitro by blocking the RANKL­induced NF­κB signaling pathway.

Bone homeostasis is maintained by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast­mediated bone formation. Disruption of bone homeostasis due to excessive osteoclastogenesis or reduced osteogenesis results in various disorders, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis. Receptor activator of NF­κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation of the NF­κB signaling pathway is essential in osteoclastogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the novel effects of carnosol, an active compound found in Rosmarinus officinalis, on RANKL­induced osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. TRAP staining showed that carnosol significantly inhibited osteoclasts differentiation of bone marrow monocytes and RAW264.7 cells. Western blot results showed that the protein expression levels of osteoclastogenesis­associated genes, including cathepsin K, tartrate­resistant acid phosphatase and MMP­9, were markedly inhibited by carnosol, which may have suppressed osteoclast function. Furthermore, western blot and immunofluorescent staining results revealed that carnosol markedly suppressed the phosphorylation of p65 induced by RANKL and blocked its nuclear translocation, indicating the suppression of NF­κB signaling pathway. H&E staining and micro­CT results showed that in vivo treatment with carnosol significantly attenuated ovariectomy­induced bone loss in mice. In conclusion, the present study indicated that carnosol may suppress osteoclastogenesis both in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the activation of the NF­κB signaling pathway. Carnosol may therefore be a potential novel therapeutic candidate for the clinical treatment of osteoclast­related disorders.

Knockdown of lncRNA LINC00662 suppresses malignant behaviour of osteosarcoma cells via competition with miR-30b-3p to regulate ELK1 expression.

PURPOSE: Osteosarcoma is a type of bone malignancy that mainly occurred in teenagers. This investigation is aimed to clarify the effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00662 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion in osteosarcoma and explore the underlying action mechanisms. METHODS: The mRNA expression of LINC00662 was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, wound healing, and transwell assays, respectively. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the target relationships Between microRNA (miR)-30b-3p and LINC00662/ ETS domain-containing protein 1 (ELK1). Western blotting was performed to determine the protein expression of ELK1. Xenograft model was established to evaluate the effects of LINC00662 silencing on tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS: LncRNA LINC00662 and ELK1 were significantly increased, while miR-30b-3p was reduced in osteosarcoma tissues. The results of functional experiments indicated that transfection of small hairpin (sh)-LINC00662 and miR-30b-3p mimics repressed the migration, invasion, and proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. LncRNA LINC00662 also appeared to sponge miR-30b-3p in order to affect the expression of ELK1. Simultaneously, there were weak negative correlations between the expression of miR-30b-3p and LINC00662/ELK1 in osteosarcoma tissues. Rescue experiments suggested that ELK1 overexpression and downregulation of miR-30b-3p reversed the suppressive effects of sh-LINC00662 on the cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in osteosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicated that knockdown of LINC00662 repressed cell migration, invasion, and proliferation through sponging miR-30b-3p to regulate the expression of ELK1 in osteosarcoma. These results may uncover a promising target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.

Effects of urolithin A on osteoclast differentiation induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand via bone morphogenic protein 2.

Urolithin A (UA) is an intestinal microbial metabolite derived from ellagitannins and a promising agent for treating osteoarthritis. However, its effects on osteoporosis are unclear. This study explored the effects of urolithin A (UA) on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclasts and its underlying molecular mechanisms. RANKL treatment significantly increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) or osteoclast marker levels (P < 0.05), while adding UA decreased the RANKL-induced levels (P < 0.05) in RAW264.7 cells. Total RNA isolated from RANKL- or RANKL + UA-treated cells was sequenced, and the obtained transcriptome dataset revealed 2,399 differentially expressed genes. They were enriched in multiple pathways involved in rheumatoid arthritis, ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, regulation of inflammatory response, ECM-receptor interactions, and TNF signaling. Scanning electron microscopy showed that RANKL promoted bone resorption pits in bone biopsy specimens, whereas UA inhibited their formation. When bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) was shRNA-silenced, the bone resorption pits were restored. Moreover, while RANKL significantly enhanced the levels of p-ERK2/ERK2, p-p38/p38, p-Akt1/Akt1, p-ERK1/ERK1, and osteoclast-related proteins (P < 0.05), UA reduced them. BMP2 silencing also reversed the UA inhibitory effect. Thus, UA represses the RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells by regulating Akt1, p38, and ERK1/2 signaling, and BMP2 likely reverses the UA inhibitory effect via these pathways. We propose BMP2 as a potential drug target for treating bone metabolic diseases, such as osteoporosis.

Association between marital status and cognitive impairment based on a cross-sectional study in China.

BACKGROUND: Marital status may have an impact on the elderly population's health, but few studies in China discussed about the association between marital status and cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between marital status and cognitive impairment. To compare the influences of marital status on dementia between men and women. METHODS: This study was based on a representative national cross-sectional epidemiological survey in China. We randomly selected 13 provinces and municipalities and included 19,276 participants aged 65 years or older in our study. Data was collected by interviewing the participants about their sociodemographic characteristics, and neuropsychological testing was administered to the participants by neurologists. To analyze the association between marital status and cognitive impairment, multiple logistic regression was based on a series of models. RESULTS: Among the 19,276 subjects, about 77.2% were married, 1.6% were single, 21.2% were divorced/separated or widowed. The odds ratios (OR) of dementia were higher in single (OR: 2.13, CI: 1.53-2.97; p < 0.001), divorced/separated/widowed when they were ≤55 years old (OR: 1.75, CI: 1.30-2.35; p < 0.001), and divorced/separated/widowed when they were >55 years old (OR: 1.16, CI: 1.03-1.31; p < 0.001) participants than in married ones. Divorced/separated/widowed ≤55 men had about 2.75 times increase in dementia risk than married men. CONCLUSION: People with long-term divorced/separated/widowed status would be associated to cognitive impairment more than those with short-term divorced/separated/widowed status. Men may be affected by marriage disruption more than women in terms of increasing the risk of dementia.

Screening of potential hub genes in pulmonary thromboembolism.

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a fatal clinical syndrome that usually occurs in elderly individuals. The present study aimed to identify functional and key genes involved in the early diagnosis of PTE using bioinformatics analysis. The GSE84738 dataset was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were subsequently performed. In addition, Cytoscape software v.3.7.2 was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Serum samples from patients with PTE and healthy individuals were collected and the expression levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, TLR2, IL-1ß, JUN, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), osteopontin (SPP1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. A total of 160 upregulated and 159 downregulated differentially expressed genes were identified between patients with PTE and healthy individuals. TNF, IL-1ß, JUN, TLR4, PTGS2, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, SPP1, ryanodine receptor 2, TLR2 and ET-1 were considered as hub genes, which are defined as the genes with the highest degree of interaction in the enrichment and PPI network analyses. The top 10 common genes with the highest degree in the PPI network and the top 10 genes in modules 1 and 2 were TLR4, TLR2, IL-1ß, JUN, PTGS2, SPP1 and ET-1. Taken together, the present study suggested that TLR4, TLR2, IL-1ß and SPP1 were enriched in patients with PTE, thus providing novel potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PTE.

The treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture with a newly designed anatomical plate via the trans-supra-fibular head approach: preliminary outcomes.

BACKGROUND: There are no ideal plates or approaches for anatomical restoration and rigid fixation of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term preliminary outcomes of our novel anatomical plate placed via the trans-supra-fibular approach to treat posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. METHODS: From May 2016 to May 2018, 23 consecutive patients with posterolateral tibial quadrant fractures underwent open reduction with internal fixation via the trans-supra-fibular-head approach with our newly developed plate. The tibial plateau-tibial shaft angle (TPTSA), lateral posterior tibial slope angle (LPSTA), step-off, and condylar widening were measured on radiological images pre-operatively, 3 days post-operatively, 3 months post-operatively, and at the final follow-up examination. The radiological Rasmussen score was calculated, and the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score was assessed to evaluate the functional outcomes. RESULTS: The LTPSA, TPTSA, step-off, and condylar widening at 3 days post-operatively, 3 months post-operatively, and at the final follow-up were significantly different (p = 0.001) compared with those pre-operatively, as was the radiological Rasmussen score (p = 0.001). The HSS score at the final follow-up was 89.10 ± 5.94 (range, 78-98), which was significantly higher than that at the 3-month follow-up 84.36 ± 6.76 (range, 74-96); p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our newly designed anatomical plate placed via the trans-supra-fibular approach can effectively treat posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. We noted minor trauma, stable fixation, and satisfactory clinical results.

Trophinin Is an Important Biomarker and Prognostic Factor in Osteosarcoma: Data Mining from Oncomine and the Cancer Genome Atlas Databases.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of bone malignancy with a high rate of treatment failure. To date, few evident biomarkers for the prognostic significance of OS have been established. Oncomine was used to integrate RNA and DNA-seq data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the published literature. The correlation of the gene Trophinin (TRO) and different types of cancers was generated using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) online tool. Prognostic values of featured Melanoma Antigen Gene (MAGE) members were further assessed by establishing the overall survival using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Moreover, the online tool, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery version (DAVID), was used to understand the biological meaning list of the genes. MAGEB10, MAGED2, TRO, MAGEH1, MAGEB18, MAGEB6, MAGEB4, MAGEB1, MAGED4B, MAGED1, MAGEB2, and MAGEB3 were significantly overexpressed in sarcoma. TRO was further demonstrated to be distinctively upregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines and associated with shorter overall survival. TRO may play an important role in the development of OS and may be a promising potential biomarker and prognostic factor.

Baicalein ameliorates osteoporosis via AKT/FOXO1 signaling.

In this study, we used bioinformatics and an in vitro cellular model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis to investigate mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of baicalein (BN) against osteoporosis. STITCH database analysis revealed 30 BN-targeted genes, including AKT1, CCND1, MTOR, and PTEN. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that BN-targeted genes were enriched in 49 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. MIRWALK2.0 database analysis identified 110 enriched KEGG pathways related to osteoporosis. A Venn diagram demonstrated that 26 KEGG pathways were common between osteoporosis and BN-targeted genes. The top 5 common KEGG pathways were prostate cancer, bladder cancer, glioma, pathways in cancer, and melanoma. BN-targeted genes in the top 5 shared KEGG pathways were involved in PI3K-AKT, MAPK, p53, ErbB, and mTOR signaling pathways. In addition, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in MC3T3-E1 cells was partially reversed by BN through inhibition of AKT, which, by upregulating FOXO1, enhanced expression of bone turnover markers (ALP, OCN, Runx2, and Col 1) and extracellular matrix mineralization. These findings demonstrate that BN suppresses osteoporosis via an AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway.

Prevalence of Constipation in Elderly and Its Association With Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Constipation and dementia have similar epidemiological characteristics. Changes in intestinal flora and characteristics of the brain-gut axis play roles in the pathogeneses of the two diseases, suggesting that there may be a close connection between the two. Most of the studies on constipation in dementia patients have focused on the population with α-synucleinopathies [Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)]. Few studies have reported the prevalence of constipation in all-cause dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) populations. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of constipation in patients with all-cause dementia and MCI subtypes and to explore the association between constipation with dementia and MCI subtypes. METHODS: From May 2019 to December 2019, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey. A total of 11,743 participants aged 65 or older from nine cities in China were surveyed. Participants underwent a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measurements. Constipation, dementia, MCI and MCI subtype were diagnosed according to established criteria through standard diagnostic procedures. RESULTS: The overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of constipation in individuals aged 65 years and older was 14.8% (95% CI, 14.6-15.0). The prevalence rates of constipation were19.2% (95% CI, 17.3-21.0), 19.1% (95% CI, 16.8-21.5), 14.4% (95% CI, 12.8-15.9), and 13.8% (95% CI, 13.0-14.6) in the dementia, non-amnestic (na)-MCI, amnestic (a)-MCI and normal cognition populations, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher prevalence of constipation was associated with dementia (p = 0.0.032, OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02-1.38) and na-MCI (p = 0.003, OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09-1.54). CONCLUSION: The present study found a high prevalence of constipation in elderly individuals in China, and higher in patients with dementia and na-MCI.

Modified osteotomy of posterolateral overhanging part of the trochanter via posterior approach for hip arthroplasty: an anatomical study.

BACKGROUD: The osteotomy of the posterolateral overhanging part (PLOP) of the greater trochanter via posterior approach has been used for the hip arthroplasty for decades with good results. However, the osteotomy method remains undefined and the precise adjacent structures around PLOP have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to present a modified PLOP osteotomy approach and perform a detailed study of the topographic and surgical anatomy of the PLOP. METHODS: The peri-PLOP soft tissue and the bony parameters were measured using 10 cadavers with 20 hips and 20 skeletal hip specimens, respectively. RESULTS: A 1.8-cm vertical osteotomy did not jeopardize the femoral neck, and a 1.8-cm wide bone block did not damage the insertions of the short external rotators. The average distances between the most distal branch of the superior gluteal nerve/artery and the 1.8-cm point of the greater trochanter were 5.70 ± 0.66 cm and 6.33 ± 0.56 cm, respectively. CONCLUSION: For osteotomy of the PLOP, we suggested that the width of the upper side from the lateral to medial greater trochanter should be 1.8 cm, depth of vertical osteotomy should be 1.8 cm, and length of the posterior edge should be 4 cm. Obturator externus tendon should be kept within the bone block of osteotomy. The proximal extension of the gluteus medius muscle split should be limited to 5.5 cm at the 1.8 cm-point of the greater trochanter. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prospective comparative study Level II.