Recent Advances for High-Entropy based Layered Cathodes for Sodium Ion Batteries.

In recent years, layered oxides have been extensively studied as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries. However, layered oxides undergo complex phase transitions during charge-discharge process, which adversely affects the electrochemical performance. High-entropy layered oxides as a unique design concept can effectively improve the cycling performance of cathode materials by virtue of the 2D ion migration channels between the layers. Based on the concepts of high-entropy and layered oxides, this paper reviews the research status of high-entropy layered oxides in the field of sodium-ion batteries, focusing on the connection between high-entropy and layered oxide phase transitions during electrochemical charging and discharging. Finally, the advantages of layered cathode materials based high-entropy are summarized, and the opportunities and challenges of future high-entropy layered materials are proposed.

Reference production in Mandarin-English bilingual preschoolers: Linguistic, input, and cognitive factors.

Reference in extended discourse is vulnerable to delayed acquisition in early childhood. Although recent research has increasingly focused on effects of linguistic, input, and cognitive factors on reference production, these studies are limited in number and the results are mixed. The present study provides insight into bilingual reference production by investigating how production of referring expressions in the two languages of preschool bilingual children may be influenced by structural similarities and differences between the languages, frequency of referring expressions in maternal input, amount of exposure to each of the languages, and working memory capacity. Using two stories in the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN), we examined character introduction and re-introduction in oral narratives of 4-6-year-old Singaporean bilingual children acquiring Mandarin Chinese and English (n = 21), and in child-directed speech of the mothers (n = 17). The children's language exposure, executive function, and general bilingual proficiency were also recorded or directly tested through structured interviews with the parents or standardized assessments with the children. Data collection was conducted remotely in real time over a video-conferencing platform, supplemented by on-site audio recording to ensure sound quality. Results showed prolonged development in the production of felicitous REs for first mentions and over-reliance on overt marking of definiteness in our bilingual children. Mixed modeling revealed that frequency of felicitous REs in the input predicted children's production of felicitous REs across languages and discourse functions, with a modulating effect of working memory. Overall, our findings are consistent with previous ones in that reference production is vulnerable in early Mandarin-English bilinguals in a multilingual society. This study also presents novel evidence that structural frequency in the input interacts with working memory in shaping patterns of reference production in bilingual children.

Progress in clinical treatment and etiology of gingival recession / 口腔疾病防治

@#Gingival recession is one of the common oral symptoms. Periodontal soft tissue defects caused by gingival recession and problems related to aesthetics, prosthetics and orthodontic treatment have garnered increasing attention. This article reviews the etiology, classification and treatment of gingival recession to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of gingival recession. Anatomical characteristics of teeth, bacterial and viral infection, Occlusion trauma, Improperbrushing methods and other daily behaviors and iatrogenic factors may lead to gingival recession. Miller classification is the most commonly used classification standard. It is divided into 4 degrees according to the relationship between gingival recession and the association between the gingival membrane and the loss of adjacent alveolar bone or interdental papilla. Gingival surgeries, such as coronally advanced flap, laterally positioned flap, subepithelial connective tissue graft for Miller Ⅰ degrees and Ⅱ gingival recession retreat, obtain a more satisfactory success rate. Regarding the Ⅲ degree gingival recession, the postoperative curative effect is poor and can only cover part of the root. Regarding Ⅳ degrees gingival recession, surgery cannot reach the root surface coverage. For patients with Miller Ⅳgingival recession caused by severe periodontitis, the surgical treatment is poor, and repair methods, such as sputum, can also be considered. In recent years, a variety of biological materials have been jointly applied to gingival surgery, such as tooth enamel matrix derivative (EMD), allograft acellular dermal matrix (ADM), porcine collagen matrix (PCM) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). The use of these biomaterials can improve root coverage, increase gingival thickness and keratinized gingival width, avoid the requirement of palatal flap removal, reduce the surgical risk and increase patient compliance.

Gene microarray analysis revealed a potential crucial gene RACK1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, which appears as a consequence of multiple molecular genetic events in various chromosomes and genes. In order to unveil the possible mechanisms underlying OSCC tumorigenesis, the OSCC-related gene expression variance and the gene interaction network should be further investigated. Herein, we conducted the NimbleGen Human Gene Expression Microarray to analyze expression heterogeneity between OSCC primary tumor tissue and its adjacent normal tissue from two patients. A total number of 7872 out of 32,448 detected genes are differentially expressed in OSCC. Gene ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that these differentially expressed transcripts were critical in a series of metabolic processes, cancer-related signal pathways, and biological regulations. KEGG signaling pathway enrichment suggested a number of pathways (metabolic process and immune response) which are frequently enrolled during cancer progression. 15 most differential regulated genes between OSCC tumor and non-tumor were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the interaction network analysis of these confirmed genes by STRING database showed the two subunits of RACK1 had direct interaction with 14 differential proteins. This bioinformatics research lends support about the critical role of RACK1 which functions as a key node protein driving OSCC development.