Highly conductive branched poly(aryl piperidinium) anion exchange membranes with robust chemical stability.

Poly(aryl piperidinium) (PAP) anion exchange membranes (AEMs) furnish an important avenue for the commercialization of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), but their ionic conductivity and alkali resistance still need to be improved. Here, we report the synthesis of PAP AEMs with a branched structure by the acid-catalyzed reaction and compare them with the main-chain AEMs. The experimental results show that the branched AEMs have higher OH- conductivity and alkaline resistance than the poly(terphenyl piperidine) (PTPQ1) AEM. The alkaline stability and OH- conductivity of the AEMs were further improved by a flexible multi-cation crosslinker. The results show that the branched poly(p-terphenyl triphenylmethane 1-methyl piperidine) membrane crosslinked by multi-cation (PTTPQ4-40) shows an excellent OH- conductivity (155.3 mS cm-1) at 80 °C. The OH- conductivity of the PTTPQ4-40 membrane was maintained at 92.1% after soaking in 2 M NaOH for 1080 h at 80 °C. In addition, the peak power density (PPD) of the crosslinked PTTPQ4-40 membrane can reach 656.7 mW cm-2. Compared to the PTPQ1 AEM, the PPD of the crosslinked PTTPQ4-40 AEM is increased by 38.6% in H2-O2. All of the results confirm that the PTTPQ4-40 AEM has excellent fuel cell application prospects.

[Study on the mathematic model about surfactants screening used for smoke wet purification].

Surfactants increase wetting, solubilization of carbon black and reduce interfacial tension between surfactants and carbon black are very important for the wet removal of furnace smoke. Calculated hydrophile-lipophile balance value (HLB), critical micelle concentration (CMC) and Gibbs-free-energy (deltaG0(mf)) of mixed surfactants solution generated on the basis of selected mathematical models. The CMC of AEO-9, SDBS solution at different ratios and smoke removal efficiency at the CMC were gained by experiments. The relation among HLB, CMC and deltaG0(mf) in mixed surfactants were analyzed. At last, new mathematic models were established about them. The results showed that the calculated data had good agreement with the experimental data. HLB was linearly correlate with ln [CMC]. There was a quadratic relationship between deltaG0(mf) and smoke removal efficiency. The reducing CMC could effectively increase HLB value and solubility, while the deltaG0(mf) and surface tension were both decreased, which could form micelles more spontaneously and enhance smoke removal significantly.

[Observation on therapeutic effects of red-hot needle therapy on nodules of breast of the type of stagnation of liver-qi and phlegm coagulation].

OBJECTIVE: To compare therapeutic effects of red-hot needle therapy and filiform needle therapy on nodules of breast of the type of stagnation of liver-qi and phlegm coagulation. METHODS: Six hundred cases were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 300 cases in each group. The treatment group were treated with red-hot needle pricking at the proliferative parts and Ashi points as main, and the control group with filiform needle therapy. RESULTS: In the treatment group, 240 cases were cured, 58 cases improved and 2 cases were not cured with an effective rate of 99.3%; and in the control group, 113 cases were cured, 165 cases improved and 22 were not cured with an effective rate of 92.7%, with a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of red-hot needle therapy is better than that of filiform needle therapy on nodules of breast of the type of stagnation of liver-qi and phlegm coagulation.

[Multicenter controlled study on transient asthma-stopping action of acupuncture at "Qingchuan point"].

OBJECTIVE: To test and verify the transient therapeutic effect of acupuncture at point "Qingchuan" on bronchial asthma. METHODS: Two hundred cases of bronchial asthma at acute attack stage were divided into a trial group of 100 cases treated with acupuncture at point "Qingchuan" and a control group of 100 cases treated with acupuncture at Dingchuan (EX-B1). RESULTS: The total effective rate was 92.60% and the effect occurred within 42-860 seconds after acupuncture in the trial group, and 81.0% and within 114-126 seconds in the control group, respectively, with very significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture at point "Qingchuan" can significantly improve asthmatic state in the patient of bronchial asthma with action of rapidly stopping asthma.