Chemical Alternatives to Methyl Bromide in Spanish Strawberry Nurseries.

Strawberry runners are a high-value cash crop in Spain that requires vigorous transplants free of pathogens. Preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide, or with mixtures of methyl bromide and chloropicrin, is a standard practice for controlling soilborne diseases. Soil fumigants chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene, dazomet, metam-sodium, metam potassium, and dimethyl disulfide were evaluated in combination with different plastic films as alternatives for methyl bromide soil fumigation of strawberry nurseries. The studies were conducted over a 4-year period, with fumigant applications prior to planting. Verticillium wilt (caused by Verticillium spp.) and crown rot (caused by Phytophthora cactorum) were the main diseases. Chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene, and dazomet compared well with methyl bromide fumigation for control of strawberry nursery diseases. Furthermore, 1,3-dichloropropene and methyl bromide, applied at 50% rate under virtually impermeable film, provided effective disease control in strawberry nurseries. Fumigant effects on fungal soil populations are discussed.

Sistema de acreditación en atención primaria (SaAP) (III): retos de la formación continuada / system of accreditation in primary care (SaAP) (III): challenges in going training

No disponible

Effects of Long-Wave UV Light on Monilinia Growth and Identification of Species.

The effect of long-wave UV/dark period on mycelial growth of 46 isolates of Monilinia sp. collected in Spain and 16 isolates collected from other parts of the world was investigated. Typical isolates of M. laxa, M. fructigena, and M. fructicola were grown in the dark and identified by morphological characteristics. Long-wave UV/dark conditions reduced the growth rates of M. laxa, M. fructigena, and M. fructicola on potato dextrose agar. All isolates of M. fructigena grew more slowly than those of M. fructicola. Typical and atypical isolates of M. fructigena and M. fructicola were placed in their respective species based on long-wave UV/dark growth rate data. M. laxa isolates were readily distinguished by the short distance from their conidium to the first germ tube branch. The involvement of different photoreceptors in photoresponses by M. fructicola and M. fructigena is discussed. Differences in mycelial growth under long-wave UV may be a useful tool to identify Monilinia spp.