Task force Guideline of Brazilian Society of Otology - hearing loss in children - Part II - Treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years. METHODS: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. RESULTS: The topics were divided into 2 parts: (1) treatment of sensorineural hearing loss: individual hearing aids, bilateral cochlear implants, cochlear implants in young children, unilateral hearing loss, and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder; and (2) treatment of conductive/mixed hearing loss: external/middle ear malformations, ventilation tube insertion, and tympanoplasty in children. CONCLUSIONS: In children with hearing loss, in addition to speech therapy, Hearing AIDS (HAs) or implantable systems may be indicated. Even in children with profound hearing loss, both the use of HAs and behavioral assessments while using the device are important.

Task force Guideline of Brazilian Society of Otology ‒ hearing loss in children - Part I ‒ Evaluation.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years. METHODS: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. RESULTS: The evaluation and diagnosis of hearing loss: universal newborn hearing screening, laboratory testing, congenital infections (especially cytomegalovirus), genetic testing and main syndromes, radiologic imaging studies, vestibular assessment of children with hearing loss, auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and noise-induced hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Every child with suspected hearing loss has the right to diagnosis and appropriate treatment if necessary. This task force considers 5 essential rights: (1) Otolaryngologist consultation; (2) Speech assessment and therapy; (3) Diagnostic tests; (4) Treatment; (5) Ophthalmologist consultation.

Task force Guideline of Brazilian Society of Otology - hearing loss in children - Part II - Treatment

Abstract Objectives: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years. Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results: The topics were divided into 2 parts: (1) treatment of sensorineural hearing loss: individual hearing aids, bilateral cochlear implants, cochlear implants in young children, unilateral hearing loss, and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder; and (2) treatment of conductive/mixed hearing loss: external/middle ear malformations, ventilation tube insertion, and tympanoplasty in children. Conclusions: In children with hearing loss, in addition to speech therapy, Hearing AIDS (HAs) or implantable systems may be indicated. Even in children with profound hearing loss, both the use of HAs and behavioral assessments while using the device are important.

Seasonality and solar radiation variation level in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that the incidence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) presents seasonal variations and there is evidence that the variation in time is dependent on the patient's amount of vitamin D. OBJECTIVES: This is a retrospective study to verify if there is a correlation between the incidence of BPPV and the level of solar radiation, essential for the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study comprised 214 patients with BPPV seen from 2012 to 2017, in a city Latitude: -30.0277, Longitude: -51.2287 30° 1' 40″ South, 51° 13' 43″ West. The amounts of monthly solar radiation were analyzed in relation to the dates of their first consultations. Statistical tests were employed to verify the existence of a correlation between solar radiation and the incidence of the disease. RESULTS: The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the incidence of BPPV and the amount of radiation during the month of the diagnosis of the disease. There was also a significant statistical correlation with the climatic variation. CONCLUSION: More patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) are seen in consultation in the months with low solar radiation and in the autumn and winter seasons, in this geographic city.

Behavior of the Posterior Semicircular Canal After Dix-Hallpike Maneuver.

The objective of the present study is to analyze the quantitative vestibulo-ocular responses in a group of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) canalolithiasis and compare these data with the data of the tridimensional biomechanical model. This study was conducted on 70 patients that presented idiopathic posterior semicircular canal canalolithiasis. The diagnosis was obtained by Dix-Hallpike maneuvers recorded by videonystagmograph. The present study demonstrates that there is a significant correlation between the intensity of the nystagmus and its latency in cases of BPPV-idiopathic posterior semicircular canal canalolithiasis type. These findings are in agreement with those obtained in a tridimensional biomechanical model and are not related to the patients' age.

Colesteatoma gigante: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Giant cholesteatoma: case and literature review' report

Introdução: Colesteatomas são lesões císticas revestidas por epitélio escamoso estratificado, preenchido por queratina. São classificados em congênitos, cerca de 2-5% e adquiridos, os quais são subdivididos em primários, formados a partir de uma retração timpânica e secundária, originada da migração epitelial através de uma perfuração timpânica. São tumores com capacidade expansiva e de lise óssea, podendo invadir estruturas adjacentes. Apresentação de Caso: Este trabalho relata o caso de ONV, 23 anos, procedente de Macapá/Amapá. Em agosto de 2007 compareceu a atendimento com história de otorreia crônica à direita, relatava ainda meningite e paralisia facial periférica à direita pregressa. A tomografia de mastoide demonstrou imagem hipodensa com densidade de tecidos moles preenchendo o ouvido médio, destruindo cadeia ossicular, canais semicirculares, cóclea e se estendendo até junto à porção proximal do conduto auditivo interno. Encaminhada para cirurgia. Durante o trans-operatório evidenciou-se extensa destruição da camada cortical da mastoide, a qual estava ocupada por massa de coloração amarelada, fétida e de aspecto consistente. Depois de retirada da lesão verificou-se a presença de fístulas de alto débito com fossa posterior. Realizou-se o fechamento das fístulas com cera de osso e retalho de músculo temporal. A paciente ficou internada durante 15 dias em uso de esquema antimicrobiano amplo. Atualmente encontra-se em acompanhamento regular e em bom estado geral. Comentários Finais: Este trabalho tem como objetivo chamar a atenção para as graves complicações desta patologia, que apesar de comum e de se tratar de lesão tumoral benigna pode trazer sequelas graves ao paciente, caso o diagnóstico e tratamento não sejam realizados precocemente.

Introduction: Cholesteatomas are cystic lesions encased by stratified squamous epithelium, filled for keratin. They are classified in congenital, about of 2-5% and acquired, which are subdivided in primary formed from a tympanic retraction and secondary, originated from epithelium migration through a tympanic perforation. They are tumeurs with an expansive capacity and of bone lysis being able to invade adjacent structures. Case Report: This work reports the case of ONV, 23 years old from Macapá/Amapá. In august 2007, he/she appeared to attendance with a case history of right chronic otorrhea, he/she also reported meningitis and progressive right peripherica facial paralysis. The mastoid tomography demonstrated an hypodense image with density of soft tissues filling the middle ear, destructing the ossicular chain, semicircular canals, cochlea and extending until next to the proximal portion of the internal auditory meatus. He/she was referred to surgery. During the trans-operative it is evidenced an extensive destruction of the cortical layer of the mastoid, which was obstructed by a mass of an yellow coloration, fetid and of the consistent aspect. After the lesion is removed it is verified the presence of fistulae of high debit with posterior fossa. It was proceeded with the fistulae closing with a bone wax and temporal muscle shred. The patient remained confined during 15 days in use wide antimicrobial schema. Currently, it is find in regular accompaniment and in a good general state. Final Comments: This work aims to call attention to the rigorous complications of these pathologies , which despite to be common and to be a benign tumoral lesion can bring severe sequelae to the patient, in the event of the diagnosis and treatment not to be prematurely performed.